Political Bureau (Soviet Union)
The Political Bureau (Politburo) is the executive body within the Soviet Union. The term originates either from the Russian Politicheskoe Byuro, which contracts to Politbyuro, or from the German Politbüro. A Politburo is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably for Communist Parties.
In Marxist-Leninist states, the party is seen as the "vanguard of the people" and therefore usually has the power to control the state, and the non-state party officials in the politburo generally hold extreme power.
In the Soviet Union for example, the General Secretary of the Communist Party did not necessarily hold a state office like president or prime minister to effectively control the system of government. Instead, party members answerable to or controlled by the party held these posts, often as honorific posts as a reward for their long years of service to the party. On other occasions, having governed as General Secretary, the party leader might assume a state office in addition. For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to former Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for well over a decade before assuming the governmental position of Premier of the Soviet Union during World War II.
In theory the Party Congress elects a Central Soviet which, in turn, elects a General Secretary. Under Stalin however, this model was essentially reversed and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Sivuet. At other times the manner in which the membership of Politburo was determined in both the Soviet Union and abroad was influenced by various factors such as the strength of various formal or informal factions within the party, the waxing and waning authority of the General Secretary and the degree to which power was consolidated in that position, the strength or weakness of other leaders in the party, alliances among leading figures and the strength of their support among party members or various poles of power within the party or, in the case of ruling parties, the country.
Under Troskin, a representative from each branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union along with the General Secretary of the CPSU marged with the Politburo. This has allowed for immediate Party support and decisions. Also under Troskin, the Political Bureau complex was housed inside what is now simply: the Kremlin.
The following is a list of the members of the Political Bureau:
- Premier Vladimir Troskin
- Alexai Vladimirmorov
- Marshal Yevegny Borisovitch Volgin
- Admiral Nikolai Bushinko
- Alecsander Bovsky
- Maximilian Krulkov
- Dr. Gregory Iosov
- Martin Blakow
- Joseph Johaine
- Vladimir Genrikobvich Kasparov
- Robert Hardey
- Karl Johnin
- Gustav Yionov
- Yuri Adrosky
- Dr. Natalia Onotopp
- Robert Pacitania (General Secretary Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union)
- Mosan Al-Bazar (Communist Party Of The Omanian SSR)
- Marcus Bosher (Communist Party Of The Estonian SSR)
- Nelson Mosonin (Communist Party Of The South African SSR)
- George Lopano (Communist Party Of The Peruvian SSR)
- Muhammod Kergaryz (Communist Party Of The Armenian SSR)
- Salavar Al-Mason (Communist Party Of The Azerbaijan SSR)
- Katrina Deust (Communist Party Of The Byelorussian SSR)
- Alex Bonovitch (Communist Party Of The Estonian SSR)
- Gregory Jamson (Communist Party Of The Georgian SSR)
- LauraBoshadar (Communist Party Of The Kazakh SSR)
- Solban Milsonovitch (Communist Party Of The Kirghiz SSR)
- Harry Bonotov (Communist Party Of The Latvian SSR)
- Jessica Solbodon (Communist Party Of The Lithuanian SSR)
- Jackson Rohmer (Communist Party Of The Moldavian SSR)
- Alexai Lovodin (Communist Party Of The Russian SFSR)
- Fredrick Bonotolin (Communist Party Of The Tadzhik SSR)
- Sassir Bashoso (Communist Party Of The Turkmen SSR)
- Ivan Gregovitch (Communist Party Of The Ukrainian SSR)
- Nikolai Freolbodin (Communist Party Of The Uzbek SSR)
- Albert Schraden (Communist Party Of The German SSR)
- Li Tsu-Tsang (Communist Party Of The Korean SSR)
- Muhammad Farsai (Communist Party Of The Afghan SSR)
- Paul Freigsburg (Communist Party Of The Polish SSR)
- Victor Soldadon (Communist Party Of The Slovak SSR)
- Nicolae Voljiesk (Communist Party Of The Romanian SSR)
- Jessica Lebrosia (Communist Party Of The French SSR)
- Nicholas Guatila (Communist Party Of The Italian SSR)
- Nelson Borjanba (Communist Party Of The Haitian SSR)
- Alex Cospri (Communist Party Of The Dominican SSR)
- Louis LeMur (Communist Party of the Louisianian SSR)
- Charles Frundbrook (Communist Party of the Mississippian SSR)
- Albert Jones (Communist Party of the Alabamian SSR)
- Josef Drecks (Communist Party of the Quebecan SSR)
- Margret Freinher (Communist Party of the Ontarian SSR)
- Michael Thatch (Communist Party of the Newfoundlandian SSR)
- Vincent Volaga (Communist Party of the Labradoran SSR)
- Jackson O'Connel (Communist Party of the Nova Scotian SSR)
- Laura Caras (Communist Party of the New Brunswickian SSR)
- Ryan Brock (Communist Party of the New Yorkian SSR)
- Brian Fidellis (Communist Party of the Connecticutian SSR)
- Cody Harver (Communist Party of the Mainian SSR)
- Alecs Patrick (Communist Party of the Massachusettian SSR)
- Shelby Ness (Communist Party of the Vermontian SSR)
- Jamie Asop (Communist Party of the Rhode Islandian SSR)
- Slobadin Milsove (Communist Party of the Bosnia* Herzegovinan SSR)
- Reinhard Reikijis (Communist Party of the Hungarian SSR)
- Heinrich Kasre (Communist Party of the Austrian SSR)
- Vincen Kilhegis (Communist Party of the Slovenian SSR)
- Mikhile Crastiene (Communist Party of the Bulgarian SSR)
- Pyotr Portocalus (Communist Party of the Greek SSR)
- Valrey Gostophili (Communist Party of the Macedonian SSR)
- Deideric Misoveline (Communist Party of the Albanian SSR)
- Mussah Jahassien (Communist Party of the Croat SSR)
- Derric Arkhan (Communist Party of the Serbian SSR)
- Sarsas Jeliskri (Communist Party of the Monteneg SSR)
- Derrick Greskilji (Communist Party of the Czech SSR)
- Allison MacLean (Communist Party of the Irish SSR)
