Liverpool England Meteorological Service

The Liverpool England Meteorological Service is a branch of the Liverpool England government's Ministry of Internal Affairs, with a further branch of the Met Service, the Heartland Hurricane Prediction Centre, being run in co-ordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as the Kompa Ru government.

Brief history

The Met Service first started in 2030, based in CCL. In 2130, the Met Service moved to new headquarters in Folenisa, with weather offices in Orean, Schimpol and on HPD 26. Two years later, in December 2132, the Hurricane Prediction Centre was declared open, its headquarters co-located with the Orean Weather Office.

Forecasters

The forecasters working with the main Meteorological Service who act as the backup to the Hurricane Prediction Centre if at any time political concerns, or otherwise diffculties, are faced by the main centre.

• Michael Rhysnolan
• Hector Javi
• Lt-Gen. Thomas Irwin

Hurricane Prediction Centre

The Hurricane Prediction Centre, set up in 2132, warned on its first storm in 2133, and has since expanded to having offices in Cyclonesville as well as overseas, in Lunar City, Kompa Ru. The Hurricane Prediction Centre is activated whenever a tropical cyclone threatens to form, or is active.

In 2140, after just two storms had formed early in the year, the government decided to temporarily close the MSHPC in a budget cut. The MSHPC reopened in late 2142 with a new director.

Forecasters

The forecasters who work at the Hurricane Prediction Centre are tasked with releasing advisories, and on occasion where Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (Lox Land Island Weather Observatory) is unable to issue advisories, the MSHPC will release them on behalf of TCWC LLIWO.

• Mike Johns (Director) - Johns does not usually issue advisories. The last advisory he issued as a forecaster was in 2140, before taking the position of director in 2142, when the MSHPC restarted.
• Dr. Francis Calts (Chief Advisor) - Calts is Chief Advisor, and while he does release advisory/discussions once in a while - usually for major storms, his main job focuses on TWU releases. Calts most recently released an advisory for Hurricane Griel.
• Prof. Luke Kristjan Hunter (Chief Forecaster) - Hunter is Chief Forecaster, meaning he oversees issuances of most advisories.
• Alfonso Rindli
• Richard Johnson
• Nils Laval
• Friedrich Günther
• Søldrup Krasner Jarvinen

Heartland Tropical Cyclone Formation Warnings

• Updated for 2146 season:

A Heartland Tropical Cyclone Formation Warning (also called Tropical Cyclone Formation Alerts) is issued when there is a high possibility of a tropical or subtropical cyclone forming in the region within 24 hours. A checklist is followed and HTCFWs are only issued when certain criteria are met, therefore some systems may form without having had a HTCFW issued, while some systems with HTCFWs may not form. If a system gains over 30 points out of 60 from the checklist, or meets the criteria in bold, a HTCFW is issued.

• Evident circulation - 2
• Evident circulation for over 24 hours - 3
• Winds associated with system ≥20 kt - 2
• Winds associated with system ≥25 kt - 3
• Winds associated with system ≥30 kt - 4
• Min. Cent. Pressure associated with system ≤ 1008 hPa - 1
• M.C.P. associated with system ≤ 1004 hPa - 2
• M.C.P. associated with system ≤ 1000 hPa - 3
• Evident trough (500 mb) - 2
• Evident closed circulation (500 mb) - 3
• Longwave or major shortwave trough to the northwest of the system (200 mb) - 2
• Evidence of an anticyclone over the center of the system (200 mb) - 4
• 200MB wind over cloud system center < 25 kts - 3
• SSTs of greater than 27°C - 2
• SSTs of greater than 29°C - 4
• System has persisted for 24 hours - 1
• System has persisted for 36 hours - 2
• System has persisted for 48 hours - 3
• System has persisted for 60 hours or more - 4
• Dvorak classifications of 1.0 - 2
• Dvorak classifications of 1.5 from two of three agencies - 3
• Dvorak classifications of 1.5 from all agencies or 2.0 from two agencies - immediate issuance
• 20 knot synoptic reports within convective cloud pattern of disturbance - 2
• System is close to Liverpool England interests - 3
• Wind shear within 5 degrees of system ≥20 kt - -3

Service Weather Centres

There are a total of 38 Service Weather Centres nation-wide, two of which serve whole regions (the Southern Desert Region SWC and the Gulp Mountain Peninsula SWC). The remaining 36 are each in charge of two subentities of each region or territory of the nation. Lox Land Island is the only part of the nation not to have an SWC; the Lox Land Island Weather Observatory is the official local weather office.

Each SWC has three main functions, to warn people about weather systems and issue advisories as needed, to conduct post-storm checks on damage within their jurisdiction, as well as to notify the Hurricane Prediction Centre of any tropical cyclone-related damage. Each SWC is only responsible for the inland portion of their jurisdiction (at least 25 km from coast), with the Met Service headquarters in Folenisa responsible for the coast. Flood watches and warnings are normally issued in conjunction with the Heartland Weather Service.

The SWCs are tasked with issuing the following advisories when needed:

• High wind watch - when winds above 35 km/h could persist within the next 36 hours, but the exact time of winds is not known. Not applicable to tropical cyclones.
• High wind warning - when winds above 35 km/h are expected to persist within 12 hours. Not applicable to tropical cyclones.
• Inland gale watch - when winds associated with a frontal system or extratropical low could exceed 64 km/h within 24 hours.
• Inland gale warning - when winds associated with a frontal system or extratropical low are expected to exceed 64 km/h within 12 hours.
• Inland storm watch - when winds associated with a frontal system or extratropical low could exceed 89 km/h within 24 hours.
• Inland storm warning - when winds associated with a frontal system or extratropical low are expected to exceed 89 km/h within 12 hours.
• Inland hurricane wind warning - when winds associated with any system, including tropical cyclones, are expected to exceed 119 km/h within 24 hours. If there is only a possibility, then the SWC will raise only an inland storm warning or inland tropical storm warning.
• Inland tropical storm watch - when sustained winds associated with a tropical cyclone between 64 km/h and 119 km/h could occur within 36 hours, but the exact time of winds is not known. Also issued when gusts are expected above 64 km/h within 24 hours.
• Inland tropical storm warning - when sustained winds associated with a tropical cyclone are expected to exceed 64 km/h within 24 hours.
• Heat advisory - when temperatures are expected to be above 35°C for at least 12 hours within the next three days
• Heat warning - when temperatures are expected to be above 40°C for at least 12 hours within the next three days
• Fog warning - fog is reported
• Sleet warning - sleet is reported
• Tornado watch - a system that could produce tornadic activity is in the vicinity.
• Tornado warning - a tornado has been reported from a system in the vicinity.
• Flood/Flash Flood watches and warnings - the possibility of flooding/flash flooding in the area is greater than 35% (watch)/75% (warning)
• Snow advisory - Snow accumulations of up to 50 mm (2 in) is expected.
• Freeze advisory - freezing temperatures lasting for at least 48 hours are possible within 48 hours.
• Freeze warning - freezing temperatures are expected within 24 hours to last at least 48 hours.
• Avalanche watch (only applicable to Northeast Region SWCs and Gulp Mountain Peninsula SWC) - Due to large snowfall or a combination of weather effects, avalanches may be possible within 24 hours.
• Avalanche advisory (only applicable to Northeast Region SWCs and Gulp Mountain Peninsula SWC) - an avalanche has been reported
• Fire advisory - due to excessively high, fires may be easily started
• Fire warning - fires have been reported due to excessively high temperatures

SWC advisories are usually CC'd to the Folenisa headquarters before issuance.