Difference between revisions of "Neo-Philadelphia"

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{{Infobox City
 
{{Infobox City
|official_name          = City of Philadelphia
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|official_name          = Imperial Tiberian City of Neo-Philadelphia
|image_skyline          = Philadelphia skyline-daytime-crop1.jpg
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|image_skyline          = Neo-Tokyo3.jpg
 
|imagesize              = 250px
 
|imagesize              = 250px
 
|image_caption          = Skyline of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 
|image_caption          = Skyline of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|motto                  = "Philadelphia maneto" - "Let brotherly love continue"
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|motto                  = "Philadelphia tiberias maneto" - "Let the love of the Tiberian Brootherhood continue" - a (possibly falsely translated) on on "Philadelphia maneto", the original city motto.
 
|nickname              = City of Brotherly Love", "Philly", "the Cradle of Liberty", "the City That Loves You Back," "the Quaker City", "The Birthplace of America"
 
|nickname              = City of Brotherly Love", "Philly", "the Cradle of Liberty", "the City That Loves You Back," "the Quaker City", "The Birthplace of America"
 
|image_flag            = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.png
 
|image_flag            = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.png
Line 19: Line 19:
 
|leader_title          = [[Mayor]]
 
|leader_title          = [[Mayor]]
 
|leader_name            = [[John F. Street]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])  
 
|leader_name            = [[John F. Street]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])  
|established_title      = Founded
 
|established_title2    = [[Municipal Corporation|Incorporated]]
 
|established_date      = [[October 27]], [[1682]]
 
|established_date2      = [[October 25]], [[1701]]
 
|area_magnitude        = 1 E8
 
|TotalArea_sq_mi        = 142.6
 
|area_total            = 369.4
 
|LandArea_sq_mi        = 135.1
 
|area_land              = 349.9
 
|WaterArea_sq_mi        = 7.6
 
|area_water            = 19.6
 
|UrbanArea_sq_mi        = 1,799.5
 
|area_urban            = 4,660.7
 
|MetroArea_sq_mi        = 4,629
 
|area_metro            = 11,989
 
|population_as_of      = 2005
 
|population_note        =
 
|population_total      = 1,463,281
 
|population_metro      = 5,823,233
 
|population_urban      = 5,325,000
 
|population_density    = 4,201.8
 
|population_density_mi2 = 10,882.8
 
|timezone              = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
 
|utc_offset            = -5
 
|timezone_DST          = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
 
|utc_offset_DST        = -4
 
|latd=39|latm=57|lats=12|latNS=N
 
|longd=75|longm=10|longs=12|longEW=W
 
|elevation              = 12
 
|elevation_ft          = 39
 
|website                = http://www.phila.gov
 
|footnotes              =
 
 
}}
 
}}
{{otheruses4|Pennsylvania's largest city|other places named Philadelphia|Philadelphia (disambiguation)}}
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'''Philadelphia''' was the largest city in [[Wikipedia:Pennsylvania]]. The city was colloquially referred to as '''Philly''', and known as '''The City of Brotherly Love''' (from [[Wikipedia:Greek language|Greek]]: Φιλαδέλφεια, /, "brotherly love" from ''philos'' "loving" and ''adelphos'' "brother"). It was the [[Wikipedia:List of United States cities by population|fifth most populous]] city in the [[United States]].
'''Philadelphia''' is the largest city in [[Pennsylvania]]. The city is colloquially referred to as '''Philly''', and known as '''The City of Brotherly Love''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]]: Φιλαδέλφεια, /fi.la.ˈdɛl.fɛj.a/, "brotherly love" from ''philos'' "loving" and ''adelphos'' "brother"). It is the [[List of United States cities by population|fifth most populous]] city in the [[United States]].
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The population of the city (at the [[2000 census]]) was 1,517,550 though 2005 [[U.S. Census]] estimates a population of 1,463,281.<ref name="population">[http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2005-all.csv Listing of population estimates of U.S. cities.] Retrieved on October 8, 2006.</ref>  Philadelphia is the second-largest city on the [[East Coast of the United States|U.S. East Coast]], and a major commercial, educational, and cultural center for the nation.  The northeastern boundary of Philadelphia is only 46 miles from the southwestern fringe of [[New York City]] (and the downtowns of each are approximately 80 miles apart).[http://williams.best.vwh.net/gccalc.htm]
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After the destruction of the city by a [[Tiberium]] meteor storm in [[Timeline Of Tiberian Destiny#2000|2000]], it was deserted for most of the early 21st century.
  
The [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia metropolitan area]] is the [[United States metropolitan area|fourth largest]] in the U.S. by the current official definition, with some 5.8 million people.
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Several of the city's notable buildings can still be seen as ruins today.
  
Philadelphia is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in the United States. During part of the [[18th century]], the city was the first [[capital]] and most populous city of the United States, and the second largest English speaking city in the world after [[London]]. At that time, it eclipsed [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] and [[New York City]] in political and social importance, with [[Benjamin Franklin]] taking a large role in Philadelphia's rise.
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Before Europeans arrived, the [[Wikipedia:Lenape|Delaware (Lenape)]] Indian town of [[Shackamaxon]] was located where Philadelphia now stands, specifically the [[Wikipedia:Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] neighborhood, why the city is frequently named Shackamaxon in military coding.
 
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== History ==
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===Colonial===
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Before Europeans arrived, the [[Lenape|Delaware (Lenape)]] Indian town of [[Shackamaxon]] was located where Philadelphia now stands, specifically the [[Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] neighborhood. Although the area lay within the bounds described in the [[1632]] Charter of [[Maryland]], the [[George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore|Calvert]] family's influence never reached this far north, and the first European settlers were mostly Swedes (see [[New Sweden]]), who called it Wiccacoa.  A congregation was formed in [[1646]] on Tinicum Island by Swedish missionary Johannes Campanius; in [[1700]], the group built Gloria Dei Church, also known as ''Old Swedes'''.
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Philadelphia is a [[planned city]], founded and developed in [[1682]] by [[William Penn]], a [[Quaker]]. The city's name means "brotherly love" in Greek (Φιλαδέλφια). Penn hoped that the city, as the capital of his [[Province of Pennsylvania|new colony]] founded on principles of freedom and religious tolerance, would be a model of this philosophy. During early immigration by Quakers and others, immigrants who purchased land in the city also received farmland outside the city; this was intended to allow the population to leave the city easily. Penn also mandated the construction of alleyways and open spaces, in the hope of controlling fires and disease, which were then common problems in [[London]] and other major cities.
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===New Nation===
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[[Image:Us_declaration_independence.jpg|thumb|left|250px|United States Declaration of Independence]]
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Philadelphia was a major center of the independence movement during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The [[Declaration of Independence]] and [[US Constitution]] were drafted here and signed in the city's [[Independence Hall]].  [[Tun Tavern]] in the city is traditionally regarded as the location where, in 1775, the [[United States Marine Corps]] was founded.
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During the [[American Revolutionary War]] Philadelphia's population was split between [[Loyalists]] and [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]]. When the British Army [[Philadelphia campaign|took]] the city in 1777 many [[Loyalists]] lined the streets and sang 'God Save the King'. Upon the retaking of the city for the American cause in 1778 it was the turn of the Patriot population to line the streets in celebration, especially as the population had suffered through a bitter winter with many of the provisions going to the British Army. The British left a mess, says historian Allan Nevins:
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{{cquote|The enemy had left the neatest, cleanest, best-built town in America shockingly dirty and unkempt, had destroyed public and private buildings, had cut down trees and fences, and had filled the streets and gutters with obstructions. In the outskirts and in Germantown were the marks of battle. Most of the fine old country seats surrounding the city had been destroyed--the British had fired seventeen in one day. New-piled mounds in Washington Square showed where the bodies of Continental soldiers, maltreated and starved in their prison by the brutal jailer Cunningham, had been roughly buried"<ref>Allan Nevins, ''The American States during and after the Revolution, 1775-1789.'' 1927. Page 255. </ref>. }}
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About 3000 Loyalists fled with the British; 45 Loyalists who remained behind were put on trial for treason for consorting with the enemy in wartime. Two were convicted, and hung.
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For a time in the 18th century, Philadelphia was the largest city north of [[Mexico City]], and the fourth largest under the rule of the British crown (after [[London]], [[Bristol]], and [[Dublin]]).
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In [[1790]], as the result of a compromise between a number of Southern congressmen and [[Alexander Hamilton]], then [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]], the seat of the [[Federal Government of the United States|United States Government]] was moved from [[Federal Hall]] in [[New York, New York|New York]] to [[Independence Hall|Congress Hall]] in Philadelphia, before assuming its current site in [[Washington, DC]]. In exchange for locating a permanent capital on the banks of the [[Potomac River|Potomac]], the congressmen agreed to support Hamilton's financial proposals.  Philadelphia served as capital for a decade, until [[1800]], when the [[United States Capitol|Capitol building]] in the new federal city of [[Washington, DC]] was opened.
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===19th century expansion===
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The city limits have been coterminous with [[Philadelphia County]] since The [[Act of Consolidation, 1854]]. Until then, the city consisted only of the area bounded by [[South Street (Philadelphia)|South]] and Vine Streets and the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Schuylkill River]]s.  The expansion incorporated present-day [[West Philadelphia]], [[South Philadelphia]], [[North Philadelphia]], and [[Northeast Philadelphia]], as well as [[Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] and many smaller communities.
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[[Image:Map Philadelphia Pennsylvania MKL1888.png|thumb|200px|1888 German map of Philadelphia.  The two most noticeable streets are Broad (north-south) and Market (east-west). Two rivers, for a time, bounded the city: to the west, the Schuylkill, and to the east, the Delaware, separating [[Pennsylvania]] from [[New Jersey]].]]
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An early railroad center, Philadelphia was the original home of the [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]], the world's largest builder of steam locomotives (which eventually relocated to nearby [[Eddystone, Pennsylvania]]).  The [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], once America's largest railroad by revenue and traffic volume and at one time the largest public corporation in the world, was headquartered in the city, as was its merger successor, the [[Penn Central]], and in turn its freight railroad successor, [[Conrail]].
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In [[1876]] Philadelphia hosted the [[World's Fair]], known as the [[Centennial Exposition]]. Memorial Hall and the expansive mall in front of it are remnants of this fair.
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===The 20th Century===
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In [[1926]], the city held the [[Sesquicentennial Exposition]] to celebrate the nation's 150th birthday.
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In [[1976]], Philadelphia was one of the participating cities in the [[United States Bicentennial]] observances that took place nationwide.
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In [[1985]] Philadelphia police bombed the [[Cobbs Creek, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Cobbs Creek]] section of [[West Philadelphia]] in order to combat a radical group known as [[MOVE]]. City officials allowed the fire to burn until it had consumed 62 area homes and left 11 dead.
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[[Image:Philadelphia1913.jpg|thumb|center|500px|<center>Center City Philadelphia [[panorama]], from [[1913]].</center>]]
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==Innovation==
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Philadelphia has been the home of several notable innovations for modern American society. While there have been many more, the following is a list of some of the national firsts that have happened in this city: <ref>http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html</ref><ref>http://philadelphia.about.com/cs/history/a/philly_firsts.htm</ref>
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{{col-begin}}
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{{col-3}}
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*[[fire insurance]] company
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*[[botanical garden]]
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*[[public library]]
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*[[Pennsylvania Hospital|hospital]]
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*[[fire engine]]
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*[[fire company]]
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*[[College of Philadelphia|medical school]]
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{{col-3}}
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*[[pediatric hospital]]
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*[[cancer]] hospital
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*eye hospital
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*secular [[University of Pennsylvania|university]]
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*[[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts|art school & museum]]
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*municipal water system
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{{col-3}}
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*[[bank]]
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*[[Philadelphia Stock Exchange|stock exchange]]
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*[[Philadelphia Mint|mint]]
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*[[Philadelphia Zoo|zoo]]
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*[[ENIAC|computer]]
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*[[Philadelphia Savings Fund Society|modern skyscraper]]
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{{col-end}}
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==Geography==
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[[image:Large Philadelphia Landsat.jpg|thumb|A simulated-color satellite image of Philadelphia taken on [[NASA]]'s [[Landsat 7]] satellite. The [[Delaware River]] is visible in this shot.]]
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According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 369.4 [[square kilometre|km²]] (142.6 [[square mile|mi²]]). 349.9 km² (135.1 mi²) of it is land and 19.6 km² (7.6 mi²) of it (5.29%) is water. Bodies of water include the [[Delaware River]], [[Schuylkill River]], [[Cobbs Creek]], [[Wissahickon Creek]], and [[Pennypack Creek]].
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The lowest point in the city lies 10 feet above sea level near [[Fort Mifflin]] in [[Southwest Philadelphia]] at the convergence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers.  The highest point is in [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Chestnut Hill]], at 432 feet above sea level, near Evergreen Place, just north and west of Evergreen Avenue.
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The counties adjacent to Philadelphia are [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery County]] to the north; [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]] to the northeast; [[Burlington County, New Jersey]] to the east; [[Camden County, New Jersey]] to the southeast; [[Gloucester County, New Jersey]] to the south; and [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] to the west.
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===Climate===
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Philadelphia's climate is considered to fall in the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone, although it is perhaps the northernmost city in the United States that meets this classification.  Because Philadelphia is on the far northern end of this climate zone, some of its outlying suburbs, especially to the north and west, are considered to fall in the [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] zone. Summers are typically hot and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cold, although infrequently very cold. Precipitation is almost uniformly distributed throughout the year.
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January lows average 25 °F (-4 °C) and highs average 39 °F (4 °C). The lowest officially recorded temperature was -11 °F (-24 °C) on [[February 9]], [[1934]], but temperatures below 14 °F are not common. July lows average 70 °F (21 °C) and highs average 86° F (30 °C), although heat waves see highs above 95 °F (35 °C) with the heat index running as high as 110 °F (43 °C). The highest temperature on record was 106 °F (41 °C) on [[August 7]] [[1918]]. Early fall and late winter are generally driest, with February being the driest month with only 2.74 in (69.8 mm) of average precipitation.
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Snowfall is variable, with some winters bringing light snow and others bringing  many significant snowstorms. It is common for the heavier snowfall to occur [[north]] and [[west]] of the city, where the climate is slightly colder. Rainfall is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html | title=Average Days of Precipitation, .01 Inches or more | accessdate=2006-07-28 }}</ref> at an average annual rate of 42 in (1068 mm).
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===Cityscape===
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[[Image:Phila8thMarket.jpg|thumb|right|250px|8th and Market Street, showing the [[Strawbridge and Clothier]] department store, 1910s.]]
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Penn's surveyor, [[Thomas Holme]], laid out the city in a strict [[grid plan|grid]], with streets running either north-south or east-west.  The north-south streets are numbered in ascending order from Front (instead of First), along the [[Delaware River]], with the main north-south thoroughfare, [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]] (instead of 14th) running midway between the two rivers. The east-west streets, many of them named for trees, e.g., [[Chestnut]], [[Walnut]], [[Locust]], and [[Spruce]] parallel the main thoroughfare named High Street by Penn, but called Market Street since at least the early 18th century. Six blocks south of Market is [[South Street (Philadelphia)|South Street]], the original southern boundary of the city. Vine Street, three blocks north of Market, was the original northern boundary.
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[[Image:Philly 047.jpg|right|250px|thumb|5th and Market Street, today. Visible in this photo are the studios of [[KYW-TV]] (''left'') and the Bourse building.]]
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Holme also planned five public parks, one at the intersection of High and Broad Streets in the very center of the city, now occupied by [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall]], and four others surrounding it now called [[Washington Square (Philadelphia)|Washington Square]], [[Rittenhouse Square]], [[Logan Square (Philadelphia)|Logan Square]] and [[Franklin Square (Philadelphia)|Franklin Square]]. The eastern edge of Rittenhouse Square is on 18th St., four blocks west of City Hall, while the western edge of Washington Square is between 7th and 8th, about six and a half blocks east of City Hall. Both are the same distance south of City Hall. Both Logan Square and Franklin Square are located the same distances east and west of City Hall as Washington and Rittenhouse and two to three blocks north of Market Street, reflecting the southern squares. [[Fairmount Park]] is one of the largest municipal public parks in the world, at over 9,100 acres (37 km²). This figure includes all parkland within the city limits, as all 65 city parks are considered part of Fairmount Park and overseen by the Fairmount Park Commission, but the park proper, which runs north/south through the city, does occupy nearly half that area, at over 4,100 acres (17 km²) on both banks of the [[Schuylkill River]] and [[Wissahickon Creek]].
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The post-[[World War II]] era would see further changes. Under the leadership of [[Edmund N. Bacon]], the Philadelphia City Planning Commission organized a master plan for the city, creating a variety of special planning, redevelopment, development districts and areas to coordinate their efforts. Projects that were headed by the new master plan were major redevelopment of Center City, including the Penn Center Area (replacing an immense, elevated railroad connector, locally known as the "Chinese Wall," located north of Market and West of Broad), Market East and Penn's Landing; new development and expansion in [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]] (focused mainly on the [[University of Pennsylvania]]); as well as the opening up of development on the fringes of the city, the Far Northeast and South Philadelphia Sports Complex. One of his enduring innovations is a group of small, semi-enclosed parks in the Society Hill residential area, connected by brick footpaths.
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Bacon's efforts would also see changes in the transportation of the city, with the inclusion of the Center City Rail Connector, [[Vine Street Expressway]], Delaware Expressway, and improvements to the [[Schuylkill Expressway]]. Many of Bacon's ideas, though not entirely as he had envisioned, can be seen today, with the basis of his master plan still influencing development in the city.
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===Buildings and architecture===
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{{main|Buildings and architecture of Philadelphia}}
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[[Image:Libertybell alone small.jpg|right|The Liberty Bell]]
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Philadelphia's architectural history dates back to [[Colonial America|Colonial]] times and has included a wide range of styles, sometimes showcased within a range of several blocks. Most of the city's [[historic landmark]]s are in [[Old City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Old City]] and the Historical District in the [[Society Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Society Hill]] neighborhood east of Center City, including Independence National Historical Park, home of [[Independence Hall]] and the [[Liberty Bell]].
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For almost a century, Philadelphia's most visible structure was its [[baroque architecture|baroque]] [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall]] building and William Penn tower. Begun in 1871, City Hall took 30 years to complete and is the tallest masonry load-bearing structure in the world at 548 feet, including the statue of [[William Penn]] at its crown.
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The former headquarters of the [[Philadelphia Savings Fund Society]] (PSFS), at the corner of 12th and Market Streets, erected in [[1932]], is widely considered the nation's first [[International Modernist]] [[skyscraper]]. The building was designed by Swiss-American architect [[William Lescaze]] and his partner [[George Howe (architect)|George Howe]]. The building is a National Historic Landmark. In 1997, the building was purchased by the [[Loews Corporation]], and in April 2000 it reopened as the Loews Philadelphia Hotel. The signature PSFS sign, however, is considered an integral part of the historic architectural design and remains atop the building.
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Notable historic structures demolished in recent years include the [[Philadelphia Civic Center]] and [[Philadelphia Naval Hospital]] (both commonly regarded as masterpieces of 1930's [[Art Deco]] architecture), [[JFK Stadium]], a historic 1920's era athletic venue, and the [[Philadelphia Commercial Museum]], an 1890's [[neoclassical]] exhibit hall.  Other important historic sites, including the [[Philadelphia Metropolitan Opera House]], and even the famous [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] and [[Philadelphia City Hall]], have suffered from decades of neglect and poor upkeep. {{citation needed}}  A complete exterior cleaning of City Hall is nearing completion, and renovations, expansion and repairs are planned at the Museum of Art.
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Urban abandonment in the central city and extensive sprawl in the suburbs has been a serious problem since the 1970's. By the 1990's there were an estimated 40,000 vacant properties in the city [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06310/735983-30.stm].  Since then organizations and city agencies have been working to reverse this trend.  Recently the city and several non-profit organizations put together an international competition, called [[LandVISIONS]] seeking solutions to the vacancy problem.
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Since the 1980s, modern skyscrapers have been erected west of City Hall eclipsing Penn's statue. As of 2006, the tallest structures are [[One Liberty Place|One]] and [[Two Liberty Place]]. In [[2007]], the [[Comcast Center (office building)|Comcast Center]], upon its expected completion, will become the tallest building in Philadelphia. Currently, thirteen skyrises, residential and commercial, are under construction, six have begun prep work, and seventeen are still in planning. Also nine skyrises are currently under renovation, and seven more are still in planning. Many of these projects will include multiple skyrises, adding to the number of actual buildings. Another seven cultural and commercial projects have begun, which consist of a slot facility, turning the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia Naval Yard]] into a suburban style business park with urban amenities, new parks, educational towers, state of the art schools, and others. Another ten are in planning.
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Most of the city's residential neighborhoods are [[rowhouse]] communities, noted for streets lined with attached, single-family homes. Newer [[duplex]]es and single homes, as well as some older mansions and estates, are more common in the city's outskirts.
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===Neighborhoods===
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{{seealso|List of Philadelphia neighborhoods}}
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Philadelphia has many neighborhoods, each of which has its own identity. Many of these neighborhoods coincide with the borough and townships that made up Philadelphia County before their absorption by the city. These include [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Chestnut Hill]], [[East Falls, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|East Falls]], [[Fishtown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Fishtown]], [[Lawncrest, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Lawncrest]], [[Fox Chase, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Fox Chase]], [[Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Frankford]], [[Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]], [[Grays Ferry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Grays Ferry]], [[Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Kensington]], [[Manayunk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Manayunk]], [[Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Mount Airy]], [[North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|North Philadelphia]], [[Northern Liberties, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Northern Liberties]], [[Olney, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Olney]], [[Overbrook, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Overbrook]], [[Parkside, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Parkside]], [[Northeast Philadelphia|Parkwood]], [[Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Port Richmond]], [[Powelton Village, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Powelton Village]], [[Queen Village, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Queen Village]], [[Roxborough, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Roxborough]], [[South Philadelphia]], [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]], [[West Oak Lane]], and many others.  Prominent neighborhoods in Center City include [[Chinatown, Philadelphia|Chinatown]], [[Fairmount, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Fairmount]], [[Old City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Old City]], [[Rittenhouse Square]], [[Washington Square West, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Washington Square West]] and [[Society Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Society Hill]].
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===Suburbs===
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{{further|[[Delaware Valley]]}}
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Philadelphia has a significant [[suburb]]an area which depends on its [[economy]] and [[public transportation]] (provided by [[SEPTA]]), including areas of southeastern Pennsylvania (including the historic [[Pennsylvania Main Line|Main Line]]), [[South Jersey|southern New Jersey]], and northern [[Delaware]]. Various Philadelphia area television stations sometimes consider a wide range of areas as suburbs of Philadelphia, including the New Jersey shore as far north as [[Monmouth County]] and as far south as [[Cape May]], as well as southern [[Delaware]].  Pennsylvania areas which are sometimes considered as distant suburbs or "[[exurbs]]" of Philadelphia include [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]], the [[Lehigh Valley]] ([[Lehigh County]] and [[Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Northampton County]]), [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]], and even the southern most region of the [[Poconos]], including parts of [[Monroe County, Pennsylvania|Monroe County]] and [[Carbon County, Pennsylvania|Carbon County]].  [[Cecil County, Maryland]], which I-95 runs through, is also sometimes included as a Philadelphia exurb. The Philadelphia suburbs are home to some of the most affluent counties in the United States.{{fact}}
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==Demographics==
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[[Image:Philly pop.png|thumb|400px|right|City of Philadelphia population by year [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html] ]]
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{{main|Demographics of Philadelphia}}
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As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|²]] of 2000, there were 1,517,550 people, 590,071 households, and 352,272 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 4,337.3/km²  (11,233.6/mi²). There were 661,958 housing units at an average density of 1,891.9/km² (4,900.1/mi²). As of the 2004 Census estimations, there were 1,463,281 people, 658,799 housing units, and the racial makeup of the city was 45.0% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 43.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], from 5.8% [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 10.5% of the population.
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Of the 590,071 households, 27.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 22.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.22.
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In the city the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.
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The median income for a household in the city was $30,746, and the median income for a family was $37,036. Males had a median income of $34,199 versus $28,477 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,509. About 18.4% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 31.3% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.
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Philadelphia has the second largest [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Italian people|Italian]], and [[Jamaican]] populations, the third largest [[Puerto Rican]] population, and the fourth largest [[African American]] population in the nation. In recent years, the [[Hispanic]] and [[Asian American]] populations have significantly increased. Hispanics, mostly [[Puerto Rican]]s, have settled throughout the city, especially around [[El Centro de Oro]]. The [[Asian]] population was once concentrated in the city's thriving [[Chinatown]], but now [[Korean American]]s have come to [[Olney]], and [[Vietnam]]ese have forged bazaars next to the [[Italian Market (Philadelphia)|Italian Market]] in [[South Philadelphia]]. [[India|Indians]] and [[Arab]]s have come to [[Northeast Philadelphia]] along with Russian and Ukrainian immigrants. The [[West Indies|West Indian]] population is concentrated in [[Cedar Park]]. [[Germans]], [[Greeks]], [[Han Chinese|Chinese]], [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[English people|English]], [[Pakistanis]], [[Iranians]], and other ethnic groups can be found throughout the city.
+
 
+
===Crime===
+
Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual, yet pronounced, rise in crime in the years following [[World War II]].  Murders peaked at 503 in 1990, for a rate of 31.5 per 100,000, and they averaged around 400 a year for most of the nineties.  In 2002 the murder count hit a low of 288, but by 2006 the annual total had surged more than 380.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes= |last=Bewley |first=Joel |coauthors=Jan Hefler |year=2006 |month=December 11 |title=Four killings put 2006 total over '05 top |journal=The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/16211234.htm }}</ref>
+
 
+
According to statistics from 2004, there were 5,513.5 crimes per 100,000 people in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philadelphia.areaconnect.com/crime1.htm |title=Philadelphia PA Crime Statistics (2005 Crime Data) |accessdate=2006-12-11 |work=AreaConnect LLC }}</ref> In 2005, going by these statistics, Philadelphia was ranked by [[Morgan Quitno]] as the 6th most-dangerous American city with a population of over 500,000, out of a total of 32 such cities. Among its neighboring Northeastern cities in the same population group, [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] were ranked second- and third- most dangerous cities in the U.S. respectively, and [[Camden, New Jersey]], across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, was ranked as the number one most dangerous city in the U.S.  [[New York City]] made the safest-city list, coming in at number four.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://morganquitno.com/cit06pop.htm#25 |title=Rankings by Population Group (Top 10/Bottom 10)|accessdate=2006-12-11 |work=Morgan Quitno Awards }}</ref>
+
 
+
==Government and politics==
+
{| align="right" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
+
|+ '''Presidential election results'''
+
|- bgcolor=#D3D3D3
+
! Year
+
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
+
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|19.3% ''130,099
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''80.4%''' ''542,205
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|18.0% ''100,959
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''80.0%''' ''449,182
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1996|1996]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|16.0% ''85,345
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''77.5%''' ''412,988
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1992|1992]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|20.9% ''133,328
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''68.2%''' ''434,904
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1988|1988]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|32.5% ''219,053
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''66.6%''' ''449,566
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1984|1984]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|34.6% ''267,178
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''64.9%''' ''501,369
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1980|1980]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|34.0% ''244,108
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''58.7%''' ''421,253
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1976|1976]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|32.0% ''239,000
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''66.3%''' ''494,579
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1972|1972]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|43.4% ''340,096
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''55.1%''' ''431,736
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1968|1968]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|30.0% ''254,153
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''61.8%''' ''525,768
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1964|1964]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|26.2% ''239,733
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''73.4%''' ''670,645
+
|-
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1960|1960]]
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|31.8% ''291,000
+
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''68.0%''' ''622,544
+
|-
+
|}
+
 
+
{{seealso|List of mayors of Philadelphia}}
+
 
+
From a governmental perspective, Philadelphia County is a [[legal nullity]], as all county functions were assumed by the city in [[1952]], which has been coterminous with the county since [[1854]].
+
 
+
The city is headed by an elected [[mayor]] who is limited to two consecutive four-year terms but can run for the position again after an intervening term.  The incumbent is former [[Philadelphia City Council]] President [[John F. Street]], elected in 1999 and re-elected by a larger majority in 2003. He is a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]], as have been all Philadelphia mayors since 1952.
+
 
+
The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. The current council president is [[Anna C. Verna]].
+
 
+
The Philadelphia County [[Court of Common Pleas]], also known as the Court of Common Pleas for the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, is the [[trial court]] of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees.
+
 
+
The Philadelphia [[Municipal Court]] handles matters of limited jurisdiction as well as landlord-tenant disputes, appeals from traffic court, preliminary examinations for felony-level offenses, and the like. [[Traffic Court]] is a court of special jurisdiction that hears violations of traffic laws.
+
 
+
Pennsylvania's three [[appellate court]]s also have sittings in Philadelphia. The [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]], the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in [[Philadelphia City Hall]]. Also, the [[Superior Court of Pennsylvania]] and the [[Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania]] sit in Philadelphia several times a year. Judges for these courts are elected at large.  Each court has a [[prothonotary]]'s office in Philadelphia as well.
+
 
+
From the [[American Civil War]] until the mid-20th Century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war. After the [[Great Depression]], Democratic registrations increased, but the city was not carried by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in his landslide victory of 1932 (in which Pennsylvania was one of the few states won by [[Herbert Hoover]]). While other Northern industrial cities were electing Democratic mayors in the 1930s and 1940s, Philadelphia did not follow suit until 1951. That is, Philadelphia never had a "New Deal" coalition. 
+
 
+
The city has voted for a Democrat in every presidential election since [[1936]], despite the frequent election of Republicans to statewide offices since the 1930s; in 2004, Democrat [[John Kerry]] drew 80% of the city's vote. 
+
 
+
Philadelphia was once split between six [[congressional district]]s.  However, as a result of the city's declining population, it is now split between four--the 1st, represented by Democrat [[Bob Brady]], the 2nd, represented by Democrat [[Chaka Fattah]], the 8th, represented by Republican [[Michael Fitzpatrick]], and the 16th, represented by Democrat [[Allyson Schwartz]].  A Republican has not represented a significant portion of Philadelphia since the 1950s; Fitzpatrick only represented a small portion of the city until his defeat in the 2006 elections by Democrat [[Patrick Murphy]].
+
 
+
As of [[November 2006]], there are 1,016,187 registered voters in Philadelphia [http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/lib/elections/055_voter_registration_statistics/2006genelectionvoterregistotalscounty_unofficial.pdf].
+
 
+
* Major Parties
+
** [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]: 761,184 (74.91%)
+
** [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]: 160,677 (15.81%)
+
 
+
* Third Parties
+
** [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]]: 12 (0.001%)
+
** [[Green Party (United States)|Green]]: 2,382 (0.23%)
+
** [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]: 3,168 (0.31%)
+
** Other: 88,764 (8.74%)
+
 
+
==Economy==
+
[[Image:Comcast_Tower.jpg|thumb|right|Computer Generated vision of Comcast Tower]]
+
Philadelphia's economy is heavily based upon manufacturing, refining, food, and financial services. The city also has its own [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange|stock exchange]].
+
 
+
The city is home to many major [[Fortune 500]] companies, including [[cable television]] and internet provider [[Comcast]], [[insurance]] companies [[CIGNA]] and [[Lincoln Financial Group]], energy company [[Sunoco]], food services company [[Aramark]], [[Crown Holdings Incorporated]], chemical makers [[Rohm and Haas Company]] and [[FMC Corporation]], the pharmaceutical company [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Boeing]] [[helicopter]]s division, and automotive parts retailer [[Pep Boys]].
+
 
+
The federal government plays a large role in Philadelphia as well. The city served as the capital city of the [[United States]], before the construction of [[Washington, D.C.]] Today, the East Coast operations of the [[United States Mint]] are based near the historic district, and the [[Federal Reserve]] Bank's Philadelphia division is based there as well.  Philadelphia is also home to the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania|U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania]] and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]].
+
 
+
Partly because of the historical presence of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], and the large ridership at [[30th Street Station]], [[Amtrak]] also maintains a significant presence in the city. These jobs include customer service representatives and ticket processing and other behind-the-scenes personnel, in addition to the normal functions of the railroad.
+
 
+
Because of the presence of the federal government, the city has a large contingent of law firms. The city is also a national center of law because of the prestigious [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]], [[Villanova University|Villanova University School of Law]], [[Temple University Beasley School of Law]], [[Drexel University College of Law]], and [[Rutgers School of Law - Camden]].  Additionally, the headquarters of the [[American Law Institute]] is located in the city.
+
 
+
{{seealso|List of companies based in the Philadelphia area}}
+
 
+
==People and culture==
+
{{main|Culture of Philadelphia}}
+
{{main|List of people from Philadelphia}}
+
Philadelphia has become notable in various arts and in culture. Philadelphia has had a prominent role in [[Music of Philadelphia|music]] including a Philadelphia own sound known as [[Philadelphia soul]]. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the [[Live Aid]] concert at [[JFK Stadium]]. On July 2, 2005, [[Bob Geldof]], who organized the Live Aid concert, chose Philadelphia as the American host of his huge [[Live 8]] concert. This time the show was held as a free concert on the [[Ben Franklin Parkway]], where over 800,000 people showed up for the global supershow. The city is home to many art galleries, many of which participate in the First Friday event. The first Friday of every month galleries in Old City are open late and for free. Annual events include film festivals and parades, the most famous being [[New Year's Day]] [[Mummers Parade]]. In [[Cuisine of Philadelphia|cuisine]] the city is well known for its [[hoagie]]s, [[soft pretzel]]s, and [[Italian ice]], and is home to the [[cheesesteak]].
+
 
+
===Media===
+
{{main|Media of Philadelphia}}
+
Philadelphia's two major [[Newspaper|daily newspapers]] are ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' and the ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', both of which are owned by Philadelphia Media Holdings L.L.C. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', founded in 1829, is the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the United States.<ref>{{cite web| last=Wilkinson | first=Gerry | url=http://www.geocities.com/phillyppa/inquirer.html | title=The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer | publisher=Philadelphia Press Association | accessdate=2006-07-20 }}</ref>
+
 
+
The first experimental [[radio]] license was issued in Philadelphia in August, 1912 to [[Saint Joseph's University|St. Joseph's College]]. The first commercial radio stations appeared in 1922. [[WIP-AM|WIP]], then owned by [[Gimbel's|Gimbel's department store]], became the first on March 17. Also launched that year were [[WFIL]], WOO, [[WPHT|WCAU]] and WDAS.<ref name="Media">{{cite journal | quotes=no | first=Todd | last=Bishop | year=2000 | month=January 7 | title=The Media: One revolution after another | journal=Philadelphia Business Journal|url=http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2000/01/10/story3.html}}</ref> The highest rated stations in Philadelphia today include [[soft rock]] [[WBEB]], [[KYW (AM)|KYW Newsradio]], and [[urban adult contemporary]] [[WDAS-FM]].
+
 
+
During the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, which was owned by Philco Corp, became the first [[television station]] in Philadelphia. The station, which would later become [[KYW-TV]] ([[CBS]]), became [[NBC]]'s first affiliate in 1939. By the 1970s [[WCAU|WCAU-TV]], [[WPVI-TV]], [[WHYY-TV]], [[WPHL-TV]], and [[WTXF-TV]] were founded.<ref name="Media" /> In 1952 WFIL (now WPVI), premiered the television show ''Bandstand'', which later became the nationally broadcast show ''[[American Bandstand]]'' hosted by [[Dick Clark (entertainer)|Dick Clark]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Ogden  | first=Christopher | year=1999  | title=Legacy: A Biography of Moses and Walter Annenberg  | publisher=Little, Brown and Company  | location=New York  | id=ISBN 0-316-63379-8 }}</ref>
+
 
+
Philadelphia has a competitive rock radio market, especially between [[WMMR]] and [[WYSP]], which both specialize in playing modern and classic rock. The two stations enjoy a very intense rivalry with each stations listeners being faithfully loyal to their favorite station in most cases. WMMR now plays more music since WYSP has become FREE FM and airs talk shows from 6am - 7pm on weekdays including the syndicated [[Opie and Anthony]] morning show, and is also the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] flagship station. WYSP was also the former home of the [[Howard Stern]] morning show.
+
 
+
Philadelphia's four urban stations ([[WUSL]] ("Power 99"), [[WPHI]] ("100.3 The Beat"), [[WDAS-FM|WDAS]] and [[WRNB]]) are popular choices on the FM dial. [[WJJZ]] is the city's smooth jazz station.  When WJJZ was discontinued in August 2006, it caused an uproar among listeners, but it was revived three months later, under new ownership ([[Greater Media]]) and with a new frequency (97.5).  The former WJJZ is now [[WISX]], "Philly's 106.1".
+
 
+
===Sites of interest===
+
[[Image:Independence Hall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Independence Hall]]]]
+
{{main|List of sites of interest in Philadelphia}}
+
Philadelphia contains many [[National Historical Park|national historical sites]] that relate to the founding of the United States. [[Independence National Historical Park]] is the center of these historical landmarks. [[Independence Hall]], where the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] was signed, and the [[Liberty Bell]] are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for [[Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site|Edgar Allan Poe]] and [[Betsy Ross House|Betsy Ross]] and early government buildings like the [[First Bank of the United States|First]] and [[Second Bank of the United States|Second Banks of the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/PA01.pdf |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State (Pennsylvania) |accessmonthday=August 8 |accessyear=2006 |year=2004 |month=March |format=PDF  |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
+
 
+
The city contains many [[museum]]s such as the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] and the [[Rodin Museum]], the largest collection of work by Auguste Rodin outside of France. The city’s major art museum, the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], is one of the largest art museums in the United States and features the [[Rocky Steps|steps]] made popular by the film ''[[Rocky]]''.<ref name="Dallasnews">{{cite journal | quotes=no | first=Jerome | last=Weeks | year=2006  | month=August 4  | title=Philly goes the distance | journal=The Dallas Morning News|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/unitedstates/stories/DN-philly_0806tra.State.Edition1.508ad59.html  }}</ref> Philadelphia's major science museums include the [[Franklin Institute]], which contains the [[Benjamin Franklin National Memorial]], and the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]]. History museums include the [[National Constitution Center]] and [[Eastern State Penitentiary]]. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first [[Philadelphia Zoo|zoo]] and [[Pennsylvania Hospital|hospital]].
+
 
+
Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The [[Avenue of the Arts, Philadelphia|Avenue of the Arts]] in Center City contains many restaurants and [[Theatre|theaters]], such as the [[Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts]] which is home to the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]].<ref name="Dallasnews" />
+
 
+
===Shopping===
+
{{main|Shopping in Philadelphia}}
+
 
+
Philadelphia has a strong retail community reflected by both small scale local
+
selections and large malls. [[Center City]] is home to [[The Gallery at Market East]], one of the largest downtown shopping centers in the country, The Shops at Liberty Place, an upscale boutique mall, and The Philadelphia Bourse, which orients its offerings towards tourists and visitors. Rittenhouse Row, a section of Walnut Street in Center City, is home to some of the most high end stores and boutiques in the region.
+
 
+
The [[Italian Market (Philadelphia)|Italian Market]] in South Philadelphia offers a wide assortment of groceries, meats, cheeses and housewares from a diverse array of countries in addition to its Italian flavor. Geno's and Pat's, two famed cheesesteak outlets, are located here.
+
 
+
===Sports===
+
{{main|Sports in Philadelphia}}
+
 
+
{| class="wikitable"
+
|-
+
! scope="col" | Club
+
! scope="col" | League
+
! scope="col" | Sport
+
! scope="col" | Venue
+
! scope="col" | Established
+
! scope="col" | Championships
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Eagles]]
+
| [[National Football League|NFL]]
+
| American Football
+
| [[Lincoln Financial Field]]
+
| 1933
+
| [[1948 NFL season|1948]], [[1949 NFL season|1949]], [[1960 NFL season|1960]]
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Flyers]]
+
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
+
| Hockey
+
| [[Wachovia Center]]
+
| 1967
+
| [[1973-74 NHL season|1973-74]], [[1974-75 NHL season|1974-75]]
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Phillies]]
+
| [[Major League Baseball|MLB]]
+
| Baseball
+
| [[Citizens Bank Park]]
+
| 1883
+
| [[1980 in baseball|1980]]
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia 76ers]]
+
| [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]
+
| Basketball
+
| [[Wachovia Center]]
+
| 1963
+
| [[1966-67 NBA season|1966-67]], [[1982-83 NBA season|1982-83]]
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Wings]]
+
| [[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]
+
| Lacrosse (Indoor)
+
| [[Wachovia Center]]
+
| 1987
+
| 1989, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Phantoms]]
+
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
+
| Hockey
+
| [[Wachovia Spectrum]]
+
| 1996
+
| 1997-98, 2004-05
+
|-
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Soul]]
+
| [[Arena Football League|AFL]]
+
| Arena Football
+
| [[Wachovia Center]] & [[Wachovia Spectrum|Spectrum]]
+
| 2004
+
| none
+
|-
+
 
+
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Barrage]]
+
| [[Major League Lacrosse|MLL]]
+
| Lacrosse (Outdoor)
+
| [[Villanova Stadium]]
+
| 2001
+
| 2004, 2006
+
|-
+
|}
+
 
+
Philadelphia has a long and proud history of professional sports teams, and is one of thirteen United States cities to have [[U.S. cities with teams from four major sports|all four major sports]].  Specifically, Philadelphia is home to the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] of the [[National Football League]], the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] of the [[National Hockey League]], the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] in the [[National League]] of [[Major League Baseball]], and the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] in the [[National Basketball Association]].  The last major professional sport team to win a championship was the 76ers, which won the [[1982-83 NBA season|NBA Championship in 1983]].  The failure of Philadelphia's major professional sports teams to win championships since that date is sometimes attributed, in jest, to the so-called "[[Curse of Billy Penn]]".  Philadelphia also is home to professional, semi-professional and elite amateur teams in other sports.  Philadelphia also hosts major [[amateurism|amateur sporting]] events, including the [[Penn Relays]], [[Stotesbury Cup]], [[Philadelphia Marathon]], and [[Philadelphia International Championship]] [[bicycle race]].
+
 
+
{{seealso|U.S. cities with teams from four major sports}}
+
 
+
==Education==
+
{{main|Education in Philadelphia}}[[Image:Penn campus 2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[University of Pennsylvania]]]]
+
[[Education]] in Philadelphia is provided by many private and public institutions. The [[School District of Philadelphia]] runs the city's [[public school]]s. The Philadelphia School District is the seventh largest [[school district]] in the United States with 217,405 students in 273 schools.
+
 
+
Philadelphia is one of the largest [[college town]]s in the United States with over 120,000 college and university students enrolled within the city and nearly 300,000 in the metropolitan area. Temple University's main campus is two miles north of City Hall and has campuses in Philadelphia's central business district and the suburb of Ambler.  A western section of the city, known as [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]], is home to two of the city's [[university|universities]]. The [[University of Pennsylvania]], a member of the [[Ivy League]]. Adjacent to the University of Pennsylvania campus resides [[Drexel University]]. West Philadelphia is also home to [[Saint Joseph's University]].
+
 
+
==Infrastructure==
+
[[Image:Philly 30th St. Station.jpg|thumb|300px|right|30th Street Station, with [[Cira Centre]] in the background and statues on the Market Street Bridge over [[Schuylkill River]] in the foreground.]]
+
Philadelphia is served by the [[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority]] (SEPTA), which operates [[bus]]es, [[train]]s, [[rapid transit]], [[trolley]]s, and [[trolleybus|trackless trolleys]] throughout Philadelphia and the four Pennsylvania [[suburb]]an counties of [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]], [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]], [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware]], and [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]]. The city's subway system, first opened in 1907, is the third oldest in America.
+
 
+
One of the seven SEPTA Regional Rail lines (the R1) offers direct service to the [[Philadelphia International Airport]].
+
 
+
Philadelphia's [[30th Street Station (Philadelphia)|30th Street Station]] is a major [[railroad]] station on [[Amtrak]]'s [[Northeast Corridor]], which offers access to Amtrak, SEPTA, and [[New Jersey Transit]] lines.
+
 
+
[[Port Authority Transit Corporation|PATCO]] provides [[rapid transit]] service to [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], [[Collingswood, New Jersey|Collingswood]], [[Westmont, New Jersey|Westmont]], [[Haddonfield, New Jersey|Haddonfield]], [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey|Woodcrest (Cherry Hill)]], [[Voorhees, New Jersey|Ashland (Voorhees)]], and [[Lindenwold, New Jersey|Lindenwold]], [[New Jersey]], from stations on Locust Street between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th Streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street.
+
 
+
===Airports===
+
Two airports serve Philadelphia: [[Philadelphia International Airport]] (PHL), straddling the southern boundary of the city, and [[Northeast Philadelphia Airport]] (PNE), a general aviation reliever airport in [[Northeast Philadelphia]]. Philadelphia International Airport provides scheduled domestic and international air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation.
+
 
+
===Roads===
+
[[Interstate 95]] (I-95) runs through the city along the Delaware River as a main north-south artery. The city is also served by the [[Schuylkill Expressway]], a portion of [[Interstate 76 (east)|Interstate 76]] that runs along the [[Schuylkill River]].  It meets the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] at [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania]], providing access to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]] and points west.  The Turnpike's Northeastern Extension provides access to points north, including the [[Lehigh Valley]], and [[The Poconos]]. [[Interstate 676]], the [[Vine Street Expressway]], was completed in [[1991]] after years of planning.  A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs below street level through Center City, connecting to the [[Ben Franklin Bridge]] at its eastern end.
+
 
+
[[Roosevelt Boulevard]] and the [[Roosevelt Expressway]] ([[U.S. Route 1]]) connect [[Northeast Philadelphia]] with Center City. The boulevard was built for the [[Lincoln Highway]] as part of the [[City Beautiful]] movement. In recent years, it has become a traffic bottleneck, and includes the second and third deadliest intersections in the U.S. within a single mile, according to a study by [[State Farm Insurance]]. The Woodhaven Road ([[Pennsylvania Route 63|PA Route 63]]), built in 1966, serves the neighborhoods of [[Northeast Philadelphia]], running between [[Interstate 95]] and the [[Roosevelt Boulevard]] ([[U.S. Route 1]]). Severe traffic congestion over the past four decades on adjoining Byberry Road has led to renewed plans for extension and expansion of Route 63 as a [[limited access]] [[expressway]] into the suburbs. 
+
 
+
The [[Delaware River Port Authority]] operates four bridges in the Philadelphia area across the [[Delaware River]] to [[New Jersey]]: the [[Walt Whitman Bridge]] (I-76), the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] (I-676 and [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|US 30]]), the [[Betsy Ross Bridge]] ([[Route 90 (New Jersey)|Route 90]]), and the [[Commodore Barry Bridge]] ([[U.S. Highway 322|US 322]]). The [[Tacony-Palmyra Bridge]] connects [[Pennsylvania Route 73|PA Route 73]] with New Jersey's [[Route 73 (New Jersey)|Route 73]], and is maintained by the [[Burlington County Bridge Commission]].
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Other planned [[freeway]]s have been cancelled, such as an [[Interstate 695 (Pennsylvania)|Interstate 695]] running southwest from downtown, two freeways connecting [[Interstate 95]] to [[Interstate 76 (east)|Interstate 76]] that would have replaced Girard Avenue and South Street and a freeway upgrade of [[Roosevelt Boulevard]].
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Not all highways important to Philadelphia cross into the city limits.  The [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] bypasses the city a third of a mile to the north, and the [[New Jersey Turnpike]], the main highway connection to [[New York City]] and points beyond, bypasses the city to the east and south.  [[Interstate 476]], locally known as "The Blue Route," opened in 1991 after years of delays and contention.  It connects I-95 to the turnpike and Northeast Extension at the Mid County Interchange in Plymouth Meeting, providing a bypass to the west of the city.
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Philadelphia is also a major hub for [[Greyhound Bus Lines]], which operates 24-hour service to points east of the [[Mississippi River]]. The city is the third busiest terminal in the country for Greyhound, after [[New York]] and [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]].
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===Rail===
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[[Image:Suburban_Station_Facade.jpg|thumb|250px|Suburban Station]]
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{{main|History of rail transport in Philadelphia}}
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Since the early days of [[rail transport in the United States]], Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, especially the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]  and the [[Reading Railroad]]. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated [[Broad Street Station (Philadelphia)|Broad Street Station]], then [[30th Street Station (Philadelphia)|30th Street Station]] and [[Suburban Station (Philadelphia)|Suburban Station]], and the Reading Railroad operated out of [[Reading Terminal]], now part of the [[Pennsylvania Convention Center]]. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of [[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority]], the regional transit authority.
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Philadelphia is also notable as one of the few North American cities to maintain [[streetcar]] lines.  In addition to "subway-surface" trolleys (so called because during the years when the city was served by over 2000 trolleys and more than 65 lines, these were the "surface" cars that ran also in the streetcar subway), the city recently reintroduced trolley service to the [[Route 15 (SEPTA)|Girard Avenue Line]], Route 15, considered by some a "heritage" line; although the use of rebuilt [[PCC streetcar|1947 PCC streetcars]] was primarily for budgetary reasons, rather than as an historic tribute.{{fact}}
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Today Philadelphia is a hub of the semi-nationalized [[Amtrak]] system, with 30th Street Station being the primary local stop on the Washington-Boston [[Northeast Corridor]] and the [[Keystone Corridor]] to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] and [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. 30th Street also serves as a major station for services via the Pennsylvania Railroad's former [[Pennsylvania Main Line]] to [[Chicago]]. 30th Street is Amtrak's third-busiest station in terms of passengers as of [[fiscal year]] 2003. It is also a terminus of [[New Jersey Transit]]'s [[Atlantic City Line]].
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===Telecommunications===
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Southeastern Pennsylvania was served only by the [[area code 215|215]] [[area code]] beginning in  [[1947]] when the [[North American Numbering Plan]] went into effect. The area covered by the code was severely truncated when [[area code 610]] was split from 215. Today only the city and its northern suburbs are covered by 215. [[area code overlay|Overlay code]] 267 was added to the 215 service area in [[1997]].
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==Sister cities==
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Philadelphia has fifteen [[town twinning|sister cities]], as designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)]:
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{| cellpadding="4"
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|- valign="top"
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|
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|20px|]] [[Douala]], [[Littoral]], [[Cameroon]] (1986)
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*[[Image:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|20px|]] [[Tianjin]], [[China]] (1980)
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*[[Image:Flag_of_France.svg|20px|]] [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur]], [[France]]
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*[[Image:Flag of Iraq.svg|20px|]] [[Mosul]], [[Ninawa]], [[Iraq]]
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Israel.svg|20px|]] [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (1966)
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||
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|20px|]] [[Florence]], [[Toscana]], [[Italy]] (1964)
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*[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|20px|]] [[Kobe]], [[Japan]]
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Poland.svg|20px|]] [[Toruń]], [[Poland]] (1976)
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Russia.svg|20px|]] [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Nizhegorodskaya]], [[Russia]] (1992)
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*[[Image:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|20px|]] [[Incheon]], [[South Korea]] (1984)
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|}
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Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. Dedicated in June 1976, the Sister Cities Plaza, a one-half-acre site located at 18th and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, honors Philadelphia's relationships with [[Tel-Aviv, Israel]] and [[Florence, Italy]], which were its first Sister Cities. Another landmark, the Torun Triangle, honoring the Sister City relationship with [[Toruń]], [[Poland]], was constructed in 1976, west of the United Fund building at 18th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. The Triangle contains the Copernicus monument. The Chinatown Gate, erected in 1984 and crafted by artisans of [[Tianjin, China]], stands astride the intersection of 10th and Arch Streets as an elaborate and colorful symbol of the Sister City relationship.
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==See also==
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*[[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]]
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==References and footnotes==
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{{portalpar|Philadelphia|Libertybell alone small.jpg}}
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<div class="references-small">
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<references/>
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*[http://www.woodhavenroad.com/projectoverview.html Woodhaven Road Project]
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*[http://www.dot.state.pa.us/penndot/districts/district6.nsf/main?readform Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Philadelphia Region]
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</div>
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==External links==
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{{sisterlinks|Philadelphia}}
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*[http://www.publicroutes.com/ Public Routes] Transit Directions to and from Greater Philly, PA
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*{{wikitravel}}
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*[http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive Philly History]
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*[http://www.phila.gov Official Government Website]
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*[http://www.wikiPhilly.com wikiPhilly]
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*[http://www.gophila.com Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation]
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*[http://www.philadelphiausa.travel Philadelphia Convention & Visitors Bureau]
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*[http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/philadelphia A Few Old Postcard Views of Philadelphia]
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*[http://www.ushistory.org ushistory.org from the Independence Hall Association]
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*[http://www.philachamber.com/ Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce]
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*[http://www.philly.com/mld/philly/ Philly.com - Home page of the Philadelphia Inquirer and Daily News]
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* [http://cml.upenn.edu/nbase/ neighborhoodBase] Statistical mapping system for Philadelphia run by [[University of Pennsylvania|Penn]]
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* [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-12-04-murders-philadelphia_x.htm Article detailing the rise in homicides in 2005]
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* [http://www.ppdonline.org/hq_statistics.php Philadelphia Police Department]
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* [http://www.petrophoto.net/uk/cities/north-america/united-states/philadelphia-photos.php Photos Gallery of Philadelphia Attractions]
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{{Mapit-US-cityscale|39.998012|-75.144793}}
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{{Pennsylvania}}
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{{US capital}}
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<br>
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{{USLargestCities}}
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{{AllAmericanCity}}
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[[Category:Former U.S. capitals]]
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[[Category:Former U.S. state capitals|Pennsylvania]]
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[[Category:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania| ]]
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[[Category:Underground Railroad locations]]
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[[zh:費城]]
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Revision as of 13:17, 27 December 2006

Neo-Philadelphia
Nation: {{{nation}}}
Function: {{{cityfunction}}}
Population: {{{population}}}
Leader: {{{leader}}}

Philadelphia was the largest city in Wikipedia:Pennsylvania. The city was colloquially referred to as Philly, and known as The City of Brotherly Love (from Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια, /, "brotherly love" from philos "loving" and adelphos "brother"). It was the fifth most populous city in the United States.

After the destruction of the city by a Tiberium meteor storm in 2000, it was deserted for most of the early 21st century.

Several of the city's notable buildings can still be seen as ruins today.

Before Europeans arrived, the Delaware (Lenape) Indian town of Shackamaxon was located where Philadelphia now stands, specifically the Germantown neighborhood, why the city is frequently named Shackamaxon in military coding.