Numla Tar

Spoken in:

Numla Tar is one of two official languages of Zanziik, the other being Rigavie Sutanio, and although they are not official languages a large portion of the population also speaks Spanish and German. Numla Tar itself mean "the language of light", the name come from the people of Zanziik's strong feeling that their's was the country of Light. The language's origins are nearly identical to the countries, growing from small, humble fishing villages to large bustling cities. The language was first concieved by Nate Uvory in year 3 of the Zanzii Rebellion, as a means of communication for soldiers that was unknown to the Imperialists.

General Information

Numla Tar is a conlang created for the use in nationstates as the official language of Zanziik, it was created by Nate Ivan aka Riegab... More to come...

Region: The Zanziik Republic (Aegean Sea)
Total Speakers as of June ##th, 2005: Approx. ## Billion
Ranking: Not Known
Genetic Classification: Language Isolate

Official Staus:
Official Language of: Riegab, Nova Latium
Regulated by: Lomgheta Numlar Tar (Numla Tar Commission)

Language Codes:
ISO 639-1.....nt
ISO 639-2.....lal (B), ntr (T)

Alphabet and Pronunciation

A-father
B-bitter
B'-b stop
D-dinner
D'-d stop
Dd-them
E-energy
F-fame
G-get
G'-g stop
Gh-uvular g, made in same manner as Q, but sounding like a G
Gg-pleasure
H-similar to an english h but more like a burst of air, ie. more powerful
I-pick
K-kick
K'-k stop
Kh-gutteral k, similar to german ach-laut, more like forcing air between your upper palate and tounge at a high speed
L-love
M-mass
N-night
Nn-crossing
O-vote
P-pick
P'-p stop
Q-uvular k, made in back of mouth when attempting to make a k but with the back of tounge touching the front of the soft palate
Q'-q stop
Qh-gutteral q, similar to Kh in how you produce it
R-roll
Rh-similar to the german R, sounds similar to a gargle, make the r sound but do as you do on the Q and Gh with your palate/ tounge
S-save
T-top
T'-t stop
Tt-things
U-food
V-vison
W-wick
X-share
Y-yes, jay
Z-zoo

Dipthounges

ay-eye
ey-eight
iy-feed
oy-oil
uy-similar to oy, but sound is like food then the y sound
ya-yacht
ye-yet
yi-yin-yang
yo-the slang word yo
yu-you

Note: The apostrophe ' will turn an aspirated letter, such as P or K, into a stop, it is easy enough to describe, an aspirated sound has a puff of air after it, like if you were saying poke, the k is aspirated, a stop would not have this air.

Note: The h after a letter has special implications in each case, and will have to be read above.

The letter names are as follows,

Grammar

The Basics

In this section we will discuss various items like syntax and other basic ideas within the language.

The basic syntax of Numla Tar is SOV. This means that the sentence "Johnny jumps over the dog" would be written "Johnny the dog jumps over"

Another thing to point out would be that there are no articles in the language, that is, no "the" or "a", you can tell if there are more than one because you would use a number before it.

The basic rule for stress is that the second from last sylable gets accented, exept where there are double vowels and in the 3rd person singular conjugation of both verb forms, in that case the accent comes on the last vowel, the "at".

Verbs

Basically the verb has two endings with the exeption of several irregular verbs, the endings are as follows and are in bold.

Ataggala---to look
Qhat'man---to have

Conjugations

To conjugate a verb you take the infinitive and change the ending of it, the "la" conjugation is displayed below and the "an" conjugation is below it.

Ataggalaa---I look
Ataggalata---You look
Ataggalat---He/She/It looks
Ataggalna---We look
Ataggalto---You look
Ataggalo---They look

Qhat'manaa---I have
Qhat'manta---You have
Qhat'manat---He/She/It has
Qhat'mana---We have
Qhat'manto---You have
Qhat'mano---They have

To negate a verb simply add the word "ama" after the verb like below, but if the verb ends in a consonant add "ma".

Ataggalaa ama---I don't look
Qhat'manat ma---He/She/It doesn't have

To form the past or future tenses a really simple prosess is undertaken, you add either "ab'" or "amn" to the beginning of the verb for the past tense and either "khe" or "ttekh" for the future.

Amnataggalaa---I looked
Ttekhataggalaa---I will look

Ab'qhat'manaa---I had
Kheqhat'manaa---I will have

As you can see "amn" and "ttekh" are added to verbs that start with a vowel, and "ab'" and "khe" to verbs that start with consonants.

Conditional, Subjunctive, and Others

There are actual verbs that show could, should, and would but these verbs are known as defective meaning that they can only be conjugated in certain tenses, namley the present, the verbs for each word is below, the conjugations are also with them because they are irregular.

Afrhata---I could
Afrhata---You could
Afrhatat---He/She/It could
Afrhat'na---We could
Afrhatto---You could
Afrhato---They could

Ghape---I should
Ghap'ta---You should
Ghapat---He/She/It should
Ghap'na---We should
Ghap'to---You should
Ghapo---They should

Nnon---I would
Nnonta---You would
Nnonat---He/She/It would
Nnona---We would
Nnonto---You would
Nnono---They would

A quick description in English of the subjunctive tense is somthing that may or may not happen in the future Example: Were I over there, I could have died. Were in the sentence is in the subjunctive form. Also visible in: If he were good, you'd know buy now. Were is in the subjunctice tense.

To turn a verb into a subjunctive verb conjugate the verb "zatamla" before the infinitive like below.

Ak' zatamlaa kart'la...---Were I you... (If I were you...)
Aney zatamlata kart'la, aney nnon bap'ggadla.---If you were me, I would shoot myself.

Here you can find a recording of the previous text, as of now this is the only recording I have on here but I plan to make more:

Note that to say just "if I were" with no other verb after it you would use zatamla with the verb to be, but if you were to say something like "If I were going" then you would use zatamla and the verb to go and omit to be.

Commands, Questions, and More

To make a verb a command all you do is add the pronoun or name of the person to the front of the infinitive.

Ak'ataggala---(You understood) Look!
Konataggala---(You all understood) Look!

To ask a question simnply add the word "xone" to the end of the sentence as below.

Nate kart'laa xone.---Am I Nate?

To make an exclamation add the word "zun" to the end of a sentence, and to ask a rhetorical qeustion you would put the exclamation first, because if you put the question first you are asking a question about somthing you see as exclametory, and example will be under the rest.

Nate kart'laa zun.---I am Nate!
Nate kart'laa zun xone.---Am I Nate!?
Ak' kart'lata xone zun.---Are you?! (A good example of this use would be if a man said he was pregnant, as it would come as a suprise to others, not really knowing what was going on they would ask it this way.)

Note: if you want to see the question words please see that at the bottom of the page, right after demonstratives.

Past Participles and Gerunds

To form a past participle add "x" to la verbs and "ax" to an verbs. To form a gerund add "nkaa" to la verbs and "ukaa" to an verbs.

Ataggalax---Looked
Qhat'manax---Had
Ataggalankaa---Looking
Qhat'manukaa---Having

Sentient Series

The Sentient Series is a number of verbs that represent senses in two moods "active" and "passive" a good example in english would be "look" and "see", look being active. All active verbs are regular verbs but to form to passive verb you add a "k" as specified below.

1a. Look---Ataggala
1b. See---Ataggalka
2a. Listen---Kunan
2b. Hear---Kunank
3a. Touch---Aq'man
3b. Feel---Aq'mank
4a. Smell---Hexdala
4b. Sense---Hexdalka
5a. Taste---Xutonan
5b. Sense---Xutonank

Nouns

Nouns generaly end in one of two endings however there are several irregular endings only the regular endings will be discussed for now and they are below. One thing to note about the nouns is that there are no articles, if you happend to read the intro to the grammar section you would have already seen this.

Numla-language
Xve-heart

Numbers

One way to distinguish how many of somthing there are is by using numbers with it, below is a description of the number system.

1-9: Waat'ada, Nen, Ttet, Darb'za, Khamse, Set'te, Sabze, Meene, Teszaa
Ten---Zaxra
Hundred---Arxva
Thousand---Khannot
Million---Aq'miyr
Billion---Verxte

26---Nenzaxra set'te
99---Teszaazaxra teszaa
147---Waat'adaarxva darb'zazaxra sabze
583---Khamsearxva meenezaxra ttet
16,274---Waat'adazaxra set'tekhannot nenarxva sabzezaxra darb'za
472,725---Darb'zaarxva sabzezaxra nenkhannot sabzearxva nenzaxra khamse

So in a sentence you would say:

Waat'ada numla---one language
Meene numla---eight languages

If you want to say first or second... so one, add "a" to the beginning of the number.

Awaat'ada numla---(the) first language

Declensions

In Numla Tar declensions only serve a minor part, in fact there are only two, they are the accusative and the genitive. The accusative case shows that a noun is a direct or indirect object. The genitive case shows possesion. Below both are described in detail.

To form the accusative case you add "l" to the end of the word, BUT if you are changing a pronoun then you add "la" if the pronoun ends in a consonant. Below is an example of each.

Numlal---Language
Ak'la---Me
Konla---You

The genitive case is similar to the english 's or the word "of", to form this add an "r" to the end of a noun like below. Also if it is a pronoun like above you add "ra" if it ends in a consonant.

Numlar---Language's/of language
Ak'ra---my/mine
Konra---your/yours

Adjective

All adjective end in "m" although any letter can come before the m, many times one will just add m to the end of a noun like below, although there are also examples of adjectives where the noun is not the same. Also you can add "ma" to pronouns to mean "like me/you..." that end in consonants.

Tam---Bright
Dyumem--Uvular
Ak'ma---like me
Konma---like you

Adverb

As with the adjective all adverbs end in the same letter but not all are formed from nouns, though some still can be. The letter in this case is "f".

Taf---Brightly
Dyumef---Uvularly

Personal Pronouns

Because above I showed how to turn pronouns into the accusative and genitive I will only write the pronouns in nominative form, ie. I, You... Though I will star (*) the pronouns that you need to add the special endings to, ie. la, ra, ma.

I---Ak'*
You---Kon*
He---Lana
She---Rhana
It---Ana
We---Nenak'*
You all---Nekon*
They(m)---Nelana
They(f)---Nerhana
They(n)---Nenana

Demonstratives

Demonstratives show the place of things and also are used in reffering to them. These are special adjectives and do not end in the standard "m"

Adol---Here
Adaak---There
Oliyk---Over there
Taqh ayl---Where

Kadol---This
Kadaak---That
Koliyk---That over there
Kayl---Which

The following are only used if the subject is understood whereas the above must be used with a subject ie. that dog.

Kadolee---This
Kadakee---That
Koliykee---That over there
Kaylee---Which

Question Words

Below are all of the question words used in this language. Also as you may have noticed above you can add "ee" to the end to show that the subject is understood. Also note that some of the qeustion words are composites of what and a noun, notice that even though they use the noun for this, they take off the enging and just use the root.

Who---Taqh ggays (what person)
What---Taqh
When---Taqh kalt (what time)
Where---Taqh ayl (what place)
Why---Taqh semnol (what reason)
How---Aktom
Which---Kayl
How Much---Raxdu

Sample Text

More to come

Links

Khaylta Numlar Tar Dictionary of Numla Tar