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| − | {{Infobox_Nation |
| + | This nation has been deleted, but the puppet of [[The Glorious Empire]] remains. |
| − | flag=http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/the_imperial_race.jpg |
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| − | region=[[Pink Floyd]] or [[Greater Nova York]] |
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| − | motto=''Death Before Dishonor '' |
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| − | map= |
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| − | language=[[Latin]] |
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| − | capital=Rome|
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| − | population=610,000,000 |
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| − | currency=Denarius |
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| − | leader= Emperor Augustus Ceasar
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| − | }}
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| − | == History ==
| + | This nation will always remain in the memory of the Holy Church of Floyd... Though some memories are bad and others are good, he will always have a spot in the Great Gig in the Sky with the rest of us... |
| − | The legendary founding of Rome — 753 BC
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| − | The Roman monarchy was often seen as the time when Rome rose from its founding on the Tiber to becoming one of the foremost cities in all of Italy. The twins Romulus and Remus, sons of the god Mars himself, are said to have been the legendary founders of Rome, set as April 21, 753 BC Through a period of 243 years, the Roman state grew in population with the annexations of the Sabines and the Alba Longans, founded by Aeneas's son Iulus, by military aggression. The last three kings of Rome were of Etruscan origin, whose influence could greatly be seen on Roman architecture and art. The expulsion of the last king in 510 BC set up the Roman Republic, with the Roman leaders Brutus and Collatinus as the republic's first consuls.
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| − | == The Building of the Republic ==
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| − | The growth of Roman political power in Asia MinorThroughout the 4th century B.C. the Romans fought a series of wars with their neighbors, most notably the Sabines and the Samnites, who became their principal enemies in the Italian mainland. Eventually they became the major power of the Latin League, a coalition of city-states in the area of Latium, the region of which Rome is now the heart. Serious set-backs did occur to Rome during this time. In 390 BC the Gauls from the Po Valley defeated the Roman legions and sacked the city and burned it to the ground, requiring a huge ransom from the Romans to avoid completely destroying it ( the phrase "Woe to the vanquished" arises from these times as a Roman senator protested to the Gallic chief Brennus that the weights used to measure the ransom of gold were inaccurate, at which point Brennus threw his sword onto the weights and uttered the famous words ). What really distinguished the Romans from their neighbours was despite all defeats they would ( usually ) simply regroup and continue to fight, never accepting defeat.
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| − | In 283 BC Pyrrhus of Epirus arrived to help the Greek colony of Tarentum against the Romans. Pyrrhus was widely considered the greatest military mind since Alexander the Great, but even after winning three battles was unable to defeat the Roman Republic, taking irreplaceable losses as he did so. The term "Pyrrhic victory" comes from these battles when Pyrrhus was supposed to have uttered the phrase "Another such victory and we are lost." When Pyrrhus withdrew to fight wars in Sicily and Greece, the Romans won an important international victory and started to gain the attention of the Hellenistic superpowers in the East.
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| − | By 268 BC the Romans were dominant in Italy through a network of allies, conquered city-states, colonies, and strategic garrisons. The allies and the conquered city-states were always kept carefully divided by granting them diferent rights and duties ( divide and conquer ). At that time Rome started to look outwards from Italy and towards the islands of the Mediterranean.
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| − | == The end of Republican Rule — 1965 ==
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| − | The Seventies and the Sixties
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| − | From 73 BC to 71 BC the Roman Republic would be rocked by a slave revolt led by Spartacus. Spartacus was a deserter from the Roman legions who had been sold into slavery as a gladiator. In 73 BC he and some of his fellow gladiators rebelled at Capua and set up a military camp on Mt. Vesuvius. Slaves across all the Italian peninsula flocked to him, and their numbers soon swelled to about 70,000. Initially, they had great success against the Roman legions sent against them, and wreacked havoc across the Italian peninsula. In 71 BC, however, Marcus Licinius Crassus was given military command and crushed the rebels. About 6,000 were crucified; the 10,000 who escaped were intercepted by Pompey, then returning with his army from Spain. Although Crassus did most of the fighting, Pompey also claimed credit for the victory, and this created tension between the two men.
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| − | Crassus and Pompey both ran for consul for the year 70 BC and were elected. The two spent most of the year trying to outdo each other in the lavishness of their public expenditures. Despite the two consuls' uncooperative natures, there was still the passage of two laws that chipped away at the Sullan settlement; first, the tribune was restored to its former power; secondly, the senatorial monopoly of juries was ended, and membership was divided equally between senators, equestrians, and a group known as "tribunes of the treasury" .
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| − | Meanwhile, the optimate general L. Licinius Lucullus was attempting to finally defeat Mithridates in the east. He had a bit of success against Mithridates and his ally, the King of Armenia, Tigranes, but while he maintained military superiority, was unable to occupy the territories he conquered completely. At the same time, M. Antonius ( father of Mark Antony ) and Q. Caecilius Metellus were attempting to stamp out the plague of piracy afflicting the Mediterranean, with reportedly grotesque inefficiency.
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| − | Due to these lack of successes, in 66 BC, Pompey was given an extraordinary military command. He stamped out piracy within forty-nine days and then began pursuing Mithridates. Pompey annihilated his army, and Mithridates remained a fugitive for the last three years of his life. Pompey followed up these successes by conquering the entirety of the eastern coast of the Mediterranean ending the Syrian Seleucid dynasty. The captured wealth of the conquests more than doubled the income of the Roman state, and Pompey now surpassed Crassus as the wealthiest man in Rome.
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| − | The economic situation in Rome itself, however, was still problematic. Debt was the intractable problem and many, both noble and not, found themselves burdened with incredible debts. Their mantle was taken up by L. Sergius Catilina, who ran for consul in 64 BC for the year 63 BC on the platform of a wholesale debt cancellation – essentially a redistribution of wealth. Despite his noble birth, his policies scared the optimates, who instead supported the novus homo M. Tullius Cicero. Cicero was duly elected; Catilina finished third and out of office. Catilina ran again the following year, but this time was defeated even more heavily. He then, along with several dissolute senators, began planning a coup d’etat that would include arson throughout Rome, the arming of slaves, and the accession of Catilina as dictator. Cicero found out and informed the Senate in a series of brilliant speeches, and was given absolute power by the senate consultum ultimum. He executed the conspirators in the city without trial; and his fellow consul, G. Antonius Hybrida, then defeated the army of Catilina near Pistoria. None of Catilina’s soldiers were taken alive.
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| − | The First Triumvirate
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| − | In 62 BC Pompey returned from the east. Many senators, especially among the optimates, feared that Pompey would follow in the footsteps of Sulla and establish himself as dictator. Instead, Pompey disbanded his army upon arriving in Italy. Nevertheless, the Senate maintained its opposition to land grants for Pompey’s veterans and the ratification of Pompey’s eastern settlement. In addition, the Senate was also stonewalling Pompey’s old enemy, Crassus, in his attempts to gain some measure of relief for his allies the tax farmers. Now arriving onto the scene was a young politician who had a heretofore successful, but not brilliant, career – Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar took advantage of the two enemy’s dissatisfaction to bring them into an informal alliance known as the First Triumvirate. In addition, he reinforced his alliance by marrying his daughter, Julia to Pompey. The three would be able to dominate Roman politics due to their collective influence; the first step was Caesar’s election to the consulship for 59 BC.
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| − | In attempting to pass the laws which would benefit both Pompey and Crassus, Caesar ran into heavy opposition from his consular colleague, the very conservative M. Bibulus, who used all manner of parliamentary tactics to stall the legislation. Caesar resorted to the unconstitutional tactic of violence; Bibulus ended up under house arrest for most of the year, and Caesar was able to pass almost all of his legislation. He was then appointed Governor of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum for a five year period. When the Governor of Transalpine Gaul died suddenly, the Senate assigned that province to him as well.
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| − | Caesar took up his governorship´s in 58 BC. He immediately launched a series of wars across all of Gaul, and in 55 BC and 54 BC even invaded Britannia. For a nine year period he attempted to crush all opposition to his rule. These wars were, technically, illegal, as Caesar had exceeded his authority in launching the invasions. They also caused massive death and destruction (one out of three male Gauls was killed; another one out of three was sold into slavery). In 52 BC an uprising, led by the charismatic Gallic leader, Vercingetorix, nearly succeeded in toppling the Roman presence in Gaul; but Caesar, with his usual speed and brilliant grasp of military strategy, was able to defeat Vercingetorix at the siege of Alesia. By 50 BC all gallic resistance had been stamped out and Ceasar had a veteran and loyal army to further his ambitions.
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| − | Meanwhile, the Triumvirate at home needed a boosting. In 56 BC, the three men who dominated the republic met at Luca, just inside Caesar’s province ( as a man in control of an army, he was not allowed to cross into Italy ). The three triumvirs reached a new settlement which would allow the Triumvirate to continue. Crassus and Pompey would once again be elected consuls for the year 55 BC; Pompey would then be given command of the Roman legions in Spain ( which he would rule in absentia ), and Crassus, desiring military glory so he could be on the same level as Pompey and Caesar, would be given a military command in the east. Caesar’s governorship of Gaul was extended for another five years.
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| − | In 53 BC, Crassus launched an invasion of the Parthian Empire ( successor of the Persians ). He marched his army deep into the desert; but here the Roman legions were not used to the fighting conditions, whereas the Parthian cavalry was adept at it. His army was cut off deep in enemy territory, sorounded and routed at the Battle of Carrhae. Crassus himself was captured and later executed, by having molten gold poured down his throat.
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| − | The death of Crassus removed some of the balance in the Triumvirate; consequently, Caesar and Pompey began to move apart. In 52 BC, Julia died, widening the gap emerging between the two. Pompey, who previously had been the senior member of the Triumvirate and, indeed, of the republic, was beginning to see his authority threatened by his junior partner, Caesar, whose campaigns in Gaul were vastly increasing his prestige and power. Consequently, Pompey began to align increasingly with the optimates, who themselves were very much opposed to Caesar and his "party" the populares. By the year 50 BC, with Caesar’s governorship drawing to a close, the two were hard-pressed to find any common ground, and a crisis was growing which would be the final nail in the coffin of the Republic.
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| − | The Civil War and Caesar's Dictatorship
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| − | The key issue was whether or not Caesar would be able to stand for the consulship of 48 BCin absentia. Caesar’s governorship would expire at the end of 49 BC, at which point his immunity from trial would also expire. He was sure to be charged with violations of the constitution stemming from his consulship of 59 BC, which could result in his political, or perhaps even physical, death. If he was allowed to run in absentia, he could immediately assume the consulship, and then following that immediately assume a new governorship, and his immunity would be maintained. The optimates were heavily opposed to Caesar’s standing in absentia, and on January 1, 49 BC, passed a law declaring Caesar a public enemy and demanding his return to Rome to stand trial. Pompey was given absolute authority to defend the Roman republic. The word reached Caesar probably on January 10, and on January 11, he crossed the Rubicon River with his army – the boundary between his province and Italy. Civil war had begun.
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| − | Caesar leading a veteran army quickly swept down the Italian peninsula, and encountered meager resistance from freshly recruited legions. The one exception was at Corfinium, where Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus was defeated. Caesar pardoned him, under his notable policy of clemency – he wanted to let everyone know that he would not be the next Sulla. He took Rome without opposition, and then marched south to try and stop Pompey, who was trying to withdraw from Brundisium ( at the heel of Italy ) across the Adriatic Sea to Greece. Caesar came close, but Pompey and his armies were able to escape at the last minute.
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| − | Pompey controlled the seas, and his armies heavily outnumbered Caesar’s but the legions of Ceasar were solid veterans, after ten years of unrellenting campaigns. Caesar, for his lack of a navy, attempted to try and solidify his control over the western Mediterranean, notably at Massilia and in Spain. The two armies first faced each other at the Battle of Dyrrachium, on July 10, 48 BC, where Pompey won a major victory. Nevertheless, Pompey failed to follow up on his victory, and Caesar was able to regroup and win a decisive victory at the Battle of Pharsalus on August 9. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he hoped to find assistance.
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| − | Caesar arrived in Alexandria, capital of Egypt, to find the breadbasket of the Mediterranean in a state of civil war. Agents of the young king, Ptolemy XIII, had Pompey killed and his head presented to Caesar, believing it would please him and that he would support Ptolemy against his sister, Cleopatra. It had the opposite effect. Caesar began an affair with Cleopatra, and Ptolemy attempted to destroy Caesar in the city of Alexandria. A long, drawn-out city battle resulted, one of the most dangerous of Caesar’s career, but he triumphed and placed Cleopatra on the throne along with another brother, Ptolemy XIV. Cleopatra later claimed to have given birth to Caesar’s son, Ptolemy Caesar ( known as Caesarion ); and it is most likely true. Caesar, hearing of an uprising in Asia Minor led by the son of the old Roman enemy Mithridates, advanced there in 47 BC, and won a quick victory at the Battle of Zela after of which he said: "Veni, Vidi, Vici" ( "I came, I saw, I conquered" ).
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| − | In 46 BC Caesar went to North Africa to deal with the regrouping remnants of the pro-Pompeian forces under Cato the Younger and Lepidus. He defeated them at the Battle of Utica. Much to Caesar’s chagrin, Cato committed suicide. Caesar had wanted to pardon Cato, his most intractable foe, in order to gain popularity through further clemency. In 45 BC, he went to Spain, and won the final victory over the pro-Pompeian forces in the terrifying Battle of Munda. He said that before, he always had fought for victory, but in Munda he had fought for his live. He then returned to Rome; he had less then a year to live.
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| − | In that final year Caesar launched a wholesale attempt at reform. He tightly regulated the distribution of free grain to the citizenry, keeping those who could afford private grain from having access to the grain dole. He reformed the calendar, changing from a Lunar to a Solar calendar and giving his name to the 7th month ( July ) with the minor change made by Pope Gregory in 1582 AD, it has survived. He also reformed the debt problem. At the same time, he continued to accept enormous honors from the Senate. He was named Pater Patriae ( Father of his Country ), and began wearing the clothing of the old Roman kings. This deepened the rift between Caesar and the aristocrats, many of whom he had pardoned during the civil war.
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| − | In 45 BC he had been named dictator for ten years. This was followed up in 44 BC with his appointment of dictator for life. A two-fold problem was created; firstly, all political power would be concentrated in the hands of Caesar for the foreseeable future, in effect subordinating the Senate to his whims; and secondly, only Caesar’s death would end this. As such, a group of about 60 senators, led by Cassius and Brutus, conspired to assassinate Caesar. They carried out their deed on March 15, 44 BC, the Ides of March, three days before Caesar was sceduled to go east to defeat the Parthians.
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| − | The Second Triumvirate and Octavian's Triumph
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| − | After Caesar’s assassination, his friend and chief lieutenant, Marcus Antonius, took control of the last will and testament of Ceasar and using it in a brilliant speech against the conspirators, took control of the city of Rome. The conspirators fled to Greece. In Caesar’s will, his grand-nephew, Octavian, was named as his heir. Octavian quickly returned from Greece ( where he and his friend Agrippa had been helping in the gathering of the Macedonian Legions for the planned invasion of Parthia ) and raised a small army from among Caesar’s veterans. After some initial disagreements, Octavian and Antony came into collaboration. They, along with M. Aemilius Lepidus, created the Second Triumvirate, their combined strength gave the triumvirs absolute power. In 42 BC, they pursued the conspirators into Greece, and mostly due to the generalship of Antony, defeated them at the Battle of Philippi on October 23.
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| − | In 40 BC, Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus negotiated the Pact of Brundisium. Antony received the richer provinces of the Roman empire in the east, namely Greece, Macedon, Asia Minor and Syria and he was very close to Egypt, the then richest state of all. Octavian on the other hand received Italy, Gaul and Hispania in the west, these territories were poorer but traditionaly the "better" recruting grounds; and Lepidus was given the minor province of Africa ( modern day Tunisia ) to govern. Henceforth, the contest for supreme power would be between Antony and Octavian.
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| − | Sextus Pompeius denarius, minted for his victory over Caesar Augustus fleet. On this coin Sextus claims to have been appointed by the Roman Senate of the command of the Italian coasts.In the west, Octavian and Lepidus had first to deal with Sextus Pompeius, the surviving son of Pompey, who had taken control of parts of Spain and Sicily and was running pirate operations in the whole of the Mediterranean, endangering the flow of the crucial egyptian grain to Rome. In 36 BC, Lepidus, while besieging Sextus in Spain, ignored Octavian’s orders that no surrender would be allowed. Octavian then bribed the legions of Lepidus , and they deserted to him. This had the effect of stripping Lepidus of all his remaining military and political power.
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| − | Antony, in the east, was waging war against the Parthians. His campaign was not as successful as he would have hoped, though far more successful than Crassus. He took up an amorous relationship with Cleopatra, who gave birth to three children by him. In 34 BC, at the Donations of Alexandria, Antony “gave away” much of the eastern half of the empire to his children by Cleopatra. In Rome, this and the siezed testament of Mark Anthony ( in which he famously asked, to be buried in his beloved Alexandria )was used by Octavian the to accuse Antony of "going native", of being completely in the thrall of Cleopatra and of deserting the cause of Rome. He made sure not to attack Antony directly, for Antony was still quite popular in Rome; instead, the entire blame was placed on Cleopatra.
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| − | In 31 BC war finally broke out. Approximately 200 senators, one-third of the Senate, abandoned Octavian to support Antony and Cleopatra. Octavian’s chief advisor and extraordinary military leader, Agrippa, captured Methone on Greece. The final major confrontation of the Roman Republic occurred on September 2, 31 BC, at the naval Battle of Actium where the fleet of Octavian under the command of Agrippa routed the larger fleet of Antony and Cleopatra; the two lovers fled to Egypt. Due to Octavian's victory and his skillfull use of propaganda and negotiation many legions in Greece and Cyrenaica went over to his side.
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| − | Octavian continued on his march around the Mediterranean towards Egypt, receiving the submission of local kings and Roman governors along the way. He finally reached Egypt in 30 BC, but before Octavian could capture his main enemy, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra did the same within a few days, in August.
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| − | The period of civil wars were finally over. Thereafter, there was no one left in the Roman Republic who could - or wanted - to stand against Octavian, as the grand-nephew of Caesar moved to take absolute control. He first made himself governor of the half dozen provinces where the majority of the legions were situated, thus, at a stroke, giving him command of enough legions to ensure that no governor could try to overthrow him. He also reorganized the Senate, purged it of unreliable or dangerous members, and expanded it by filling it up with his supporters from the provinces and outside the Roman aristocracy, men who could be counted on to follow his lead. However, he left the majority of Republican institutions apparently intact, albeit feeble. Consuls continued to be elected under his watchful eye - tribunes of the plebians continued to offer legislation - and debate still resounded through the Roman Curia. However it was Octavian who controlled the final decisions - and had the legions to back it up, if necessary.
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| − | The Senate and the roman citizens, tired of the never-ending civil wars and unrest, were willing to toss aside the unreliable, incompetent and unstable rule of the Senate and the popular assemblies in exchange for the iron will of one man who might set Rome back in order. By 27 BC the transition, though subtle and disgused, was complete - in that year, Octavian offered back all his extraordinary powers to the Senate, and in a carefully staged way, the Senate refused and in fact voted Octavian 'Augustus', or 'the revered one.' He was always careful to avoid the title of 'rex' ( "king" ), and instead took on the titles of "Princeps" ( "first citizen" ) and 'Imperator', a title given by Roman troops to their victorious commanders. It is from 'Imperator' that the modern title 'Emperor' is derived. The Roman Empire was born.
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| − | == Roman Empire of the Imperial Race ==
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| − | Age of Augustus (31 BC - AD 14)
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| − | Political developments
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| − | The extent of the Roman Empire in 133 BC (red), 44 BC (orange), AD 14 (yellow) and AD 117 (green).As a matter of convenience, the Roman Empire is held to have begun with the constitutional settlement following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. In fact the Republican institutions at Rome had been destroyed over the preceding century and Rome had been effectively under one-man rule since the time of Sulla.
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| − | The long, peaceful and consensual reign of Augustus greatly changed the view toward hereditary monarchy. Rome - the city that had not too long before assassinated its leader, Julius Caesar, when his ambitions seemed to threaten the republic - now placidly accepted one man rule.
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| − | Augustus's reign was notable for several long-lasting achievements that would define the Empire:
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| − | Creation of a hereditary office, which we refer to as Emperor of Rome.
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| − | Fixation of the payscale. Duration of Roman military service marked the final step in the evolution of the Roman Army from a citizen army to a professional one.
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| − | Creation of the Praetorian Guard, which would make and unmake emperors for centuries.
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| − | Expansion to the natural borders of the Empire. The borders reached upon Augustus's death remained the limits of Empire, with minimal exceptions, for the next four hundred years.
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| − | Development of trade links with regions as far as India and China.
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| − | Creation of a civil service outside of the Senatorial structure, leading to a continuous weakening of Senatorial authority.
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| − | Enactment of the lex Julia of 18 BC and the lex Papia Poppaea of AD 9, which rewarded childbearing and penalized celibacy.
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| − | Promulgation of the cult of the Deified Julius Caesar throughout the Empire. This tradition of deifying the Emperor upon his death lasted until the time of Constantine, who was made both a Roman god and "the Thirteenth Apostle" upon his death.
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| − | Cultural developments
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| − | The Augustan period saw a tremendous outpouring of cultural achievement in the areas of poetry, history, sculpture and architecture. At the same time, a tremendous outpouring of energy in founding colonies and municipia, unrivalled in Rome before or after, succeeded in Romanizing extensive territories in the East, in Africa, in Hispania and Gaul, beyond those areas that were directly controlled. Pax Romana Imperiala as is called It still continues today.
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| − | == Imperial Law ==
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| − | .Ius civile, ius gentium, ius naturale
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| − | Ius civile, in Roman state, refered to the law that applied only to roman citizens, while ius gentium refered to the juridical traffic with foreigners, because foreigners could not understand the strict formalism of ius civile. At the end of 300 BC, for juridical traffic with foreigners (besides praetor urbanus), a new juridical magistrate was introduced (praetor peregrius) and a new informal judicial proceeding. Along ius civile and ius gentium, in classical law, a new term is introduced - ius naturale. This was natural law (common law for all beings), that was influenced by christianity of the time.
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| − | 2.Ius scriptum, ius non scriptum
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| − | Ius scriptum means written law and ius non scriptum means unwritten law, but they differ from each other by the means of creation and not whether they are put on paper or not. Ius scriptum is the law made by legislature. Roman lawyers included in ius scriptum laws (leges and plebiscita), magistrat's edicts (magistratuum edicta), the conclusions of senat (senatus consulta), responses and thoughts of lawyers (responsa prudentium) and principum placita. Ius non scriptum is customary law, common practice, that becomes binding during time.
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| − | 3.Ius publicum, ius privatum
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| − | Ius publicum means public law and ius privatum means private law, where public law is to keep interests of Roman state while private law should protect individuals. In roman law ius privatum included: personal, property, civil and criminal law, judicial proceeding was private process (iudicium privatum), and delicts were private (except the most severe ones that were prosecuted by state). Public law will only at the end of Roman state include in its self some areas of private law.
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| − | 4.Ius publicum
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| − | Ius publicum was also used to describe obligatory legal regulations (today called ius cogens). These are regulations that cannot be changed or excluded by party agreement. Those regulations that can be changed are called today ius dispositivum, and they are used when party shares something and are not in opposition.
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| − | 5.Ius commune, ius singulare
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| − | Ius singulare (singular law) is special law for certain groups of people, things, or legal relations (because of which it is exception from general principles of legal sistem), unlike general, ordinary, law (ius commune).
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| − | == Imperial Army ==
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| − | History and evolution
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| − | "Roman Army" is the name given to the sophisticated collection of soldiers and other military forces which served the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. The Army dominated much of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including the province of Britannia and Asia Minor at the Empire's height. Beginning as a citizen army, the Roman Army evolved into a professional army following the reforms of Gaius Marius around 100 BC.
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| − | The Imperial Army
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| − | During the reign of Augustus the army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who served for a minimum of twenty five years. Augustus in his reign tried to eliminate the loyalty of the legions to the generals who commanded them, forcing them to take an oath of allegiance directly to him. While the legions remained relatively loyal to Augustus during his reign, under others, especially the more corrupt emperors or those who unwisely treated the military poorly, the legions often took power into their own hands. Legions continued to move farther and farther to the outskirts of society, especially in the later periods of the empire as the majority of legionaires no longer came from Italy, and were instead born in the provinces. The loyalty the legions felt to their emperor only degraded more with time, and lead in the 2nd Century and 3rd Century to a large number of military usurpers and civil wars. By the time of the military officer emperors that characterized the period following the Crisis of the Third Century the Roman army was just as likely to be attacking itself as an outside invader.
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| − | Both the pre- and post-Marian armies were greatly assisted by auxiliary troops. A typical Roman legion was accompanied by a matching auxiliary legion. In the pre-Marian army these auxiliary troops were Italians, and often Latins, from cities near Rome. The post-Marian army incorporated these Italian soldiers into its standard legions (as all Italians were Roman citizens after the Social War). Its auxiliary troops were made up of foreigners from provinces distant to Rome, who gained Roman citizenship after completing their twenty five years of service. This system of foreign auxiliaries allowed the post-Marian army to strengthen traditional weak points of the Roman system, such as light missile troops and cavalry, with foreign specialists, especially as the richer classes took less and less part of military affairs and the Roman army lost much of its domestic cavalry.
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| − | At the beginning of the Imperial period the number of legions was 60, which Augustus more than halved to 28, numbering at approximately 160,000 men. As more territory was conquered throughout the Imperial period, this fluctuated into the mid-thirties. At the same time, at the beginning of the Imperial period the foreign auxiliaries made up a rather small portion of the military, but continued to rise, so that by the end of the period of the Five Good Emperors they probably equalled the legionaires in number, giving a combined total of between 300,000 and 400,000 men in the Army.
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| − | The last major reform of the Imperial Army came under the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd Century. During the instability that had marked most of that century, the army had fallen in number and lost much of its ability to effectively police and defend the empire. He quickly recruited a large number of men, increasing the number of legionaires from between 150,000-200,000 to 350,000-400,000, effectively doubling the number in a case of quantity over quality.
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| − | == World fact Book ==
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| − | Name- The Imperial race
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| − | Long Name- the Roman Empire of the Imperial race
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| − | Short name- Roman Republic or Roman Empire
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| − | population- 654 million+
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| − | Military size- 200,000 legions
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| − | Allies- [[serinistad]], [[Neferamity]]
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| − | Rivials- [[Socialist Freemen]], [[Tetris L-shaped block]]
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This nation will always remain in the memory of the Holy Church of Floyd... Though some memories are bad and others are good, he will always have a spot in the Great Gig in the Sky with the rest of us...
