Urdu

Urdu is commonly spoken language in Mokshatiana and the main language of the Muslim population. Urdu is very similar and structure and vocabulary to Hindi, altough having a great many more borrowings from Arabic and Persian. Ethnic mixing in Mokshatiana has reached a stage where the line between Hindi and Urdu is heavily blurred.

In Carthage/The Lightning Star, it is also a major language. [NOTE: The following is based on Earth II ]Carthaginian Urdu is as different to mainstream Urdu as you can get without it being another language altogether. Due to the fact that Carthaginian Refugees had been hiding in what is modern-day Punjab since the 200 B.C.E's, it is heavily influenced by Punic. When Arabic became the offical language of Carthage in 1503 C.E., the language also became heavily influenced by Arabic. It is written in Phoenician script, although most Urdu speakers can read it in Farsi script as well.

Urdu is spoken in the Kashmir Presidency, as well as the Punjab Presidency in Sarawakh.