Difference between revisions of "Jeuna"

Revision as of 15:39, 28 June 2007

媛華共和国
Yuánghua Gònghéguó
Republic of Jeuna

Flag of Jeuna Coat of Arms of Jeuna Flag Coat of Arms
Anthem: Jiāoměi Yuánghua (娇美媛華) Beautiful and Graceful Jeuna
Capital (and largest city)	Harbin 45°45′0″N, 126°38′0″E
Official language		Chinese1
Government	Parliamentary republic
- President	Fan Banou
- Premier	Jin Jiahua
Formation
- National Formation Day	7 September, 1211
- Independence from China	18 August, 1921
Area
- Total	460,000 km² (55th)
	177,607 sq mi
- Water (%)	1.74
Population
- 2007 estimate	67,284,320 (19th)
- Density	146 /km² (68th)
	379 /sq mi
GDP (PPP)	2007 estimate
- Total	$1.57 trillion (11th)
- Per capita	$23,350 (33rd)
HDI (2003)	0.912 (high) (27th)
Currency	Yin (international Ỵ, Chinese 银, yín) (JNY)
Time zone	JST (UTC+9)
- Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+9)
Internet TLD	.jn
Calling code	+83
1De facto official.

Jeuna, officially the Republic of Jeuna (known in Chinese as 媛華共和国; Pinyin: Yuánghua Gònghéguó) is a country in East Asia (commonly considered part of Manchuria). It is bordered to the north and east by Russia and to the south and west by the People's Republic of China.

Etymology

Jeuna is usually known as Yuánguó (Chinese: 媛国) in Mandarin Chinese. The first character, 媛, means 'a beauty', while the second character, 国, means 'state' or 'country'. Christian missionaries originally translated the name as 'Beautiful Kingdom'.

The origin of the English construct 'Jeuna' may have come from two sources. The first is that 'Jeuna' was derived from Sanskrit Jun, which referenced the Jin Dynasty that ruled the area. Traders on the Silk Road may have identified themselves as such. The other possibility is that 'Jeuna' is a corruption of the original name, Yuánghua.

History

Main article(s): History of Jeuna

Ancient

Jeuna's history stretches back as far as the fifth century, when it was first known to be inhabited by such people as the Xianbei, the Mohe, and the Khitan. The eastern portion of Jeuna was ruled by kingdom of Bohai between the 7th century and 10th century. The Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) that subsequently ruled much of northern China arose within the borders of modern Jeuna.

Government and politics

Main article(s): Government of Jeuna

Foreign relations

Main article(s): Foreign relations of Jeuna

Jeuna maintains a strong relationship with the United States, and has historically disagreed with both the People's Republic of China and North Korea since their communist revolutions. For a time, Jeuna was an important strategic foothold against the USSR, and several bases were built in the north and eastern areas of the country as a precautionary measure to stave off invasions by the Soviets.

Military

Main article(s): Military of Jeuna

Jeuna possesses a small military force, which uses equipment primarily from the United States, but has also looked at acquiring certain newer Russian gear since 2005.

Jeuna's military consists of two branches, which are:

• the Republican Guard and
• the Jeunese Air Defence Force

The Republican Guard also operates several riverine defence vessels for patrolling the Amur River. These vessels are organised into the Republican Guard River Defence Force.

Administrative divisions

Main article(s): Administrative divisions of Jeuna

Jeuna is divided into 13 provinces, 128 counties and 1,284 townships.

Geography

Main article(s): Geography of Jeuna

Geography

Main article(s): Geography of Jeuna

Jeuna is a land of varied topography. Much of the province is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, Zhangguangcai Mountains, Laoye Mountains, and Wanda Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Datudingzi at 1690 m (5545 ft), located on the border with the People's Republic of China). The Greater Khingan Range contains Jeuna's largest remaining virgin forest and is an important area for Jeuna's forestry industry.

The interior of the country, which is relatively flat and low in altitude, contains the Songhua River, the Nen River, and the Mudan River, all tributaries of the Amur, while the northern border forms part of the Amur valley. Xingkai Lake (or Khanka Lake) is found on the border with Russia's Primorsky Krai.

Jeuna is subarctic in climate. Winters are long and frigid, with an average of −31 to −15°C in January, and summers are short and cool with an average of 18 to 23°C in July. The annual average rainfall is 500 to 600 mm, concentrated mostly in summer.

Major cities:

• Harbin
• Qiqihar
• Mudanjiang
• Jiamusi
• Yichun
• Daqing
• Heihe
• Shuangyashan

Economy

Main article(s): Economy of Jeuna

Demographics

Culture

Main article(s): Jeunese culture