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−	{{Infobox_Nation |	+	<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right"
−	flag=http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/latao.jpg |	+	style="margin-left:0.5em;" width="300px">
−	region=[[Atlantian Oceania]] |	+	<caption><font size=" 1">'''''Confoederatio Latinum'''''</font></caption>
−	motto=We make the World go around|	+	<tr><td style="background:#333333;" align="center" colspan="2">
−	map=none |	+	<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
−	language=German |	+	<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
−	capital=Luzern|	+	<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;">http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/latao.jpg</td></tr>
−	population=700 Million|	+	</table></td></tr>
−	currency=Latinum |	+	<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
−	leader=NEC	+	size="-1">''"We make the World go around"''</font></td></tr>
−	}}	+	<tr><td>[[Region]]</td><td>[[Global Right Alliance]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Population</td><td>over 2 billion</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>[[Language|Official Language]]</td><td>[[German]], [[English]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>[[Capital]]</td><td>Luciaria</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Leader</td><td>National Executive Committee</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>State Type</td><td>Democracy</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Government</td><td>Right-winged</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Currency</td><td>Latinum</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>National Anthem</td><td>''"Latao above Everything!"''</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>National Animal</td><td>Scooby-Doo</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Internet TLD </td><td>.cl</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Dial Code</td><td>007</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Country Code</td><td>CL</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td>Map</td><td>[(none)]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td style="background:#333333;" align="center" colspan="2">
		+	<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
		+	size="-2">Stats: [http://nseconomy.thirdgeek.com/nseconomy.php?nation=Latao NSEconomy] [http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/nationdata.cgi/nation=Latao XML]</font></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;">http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/latao-nyssa.jpg</td></tr>
		+	</table></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
		+	size="-2">''"Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao"''</font></td></tr>
		+	</table>
−	==What the UN says about us==	+	=Preamble=
		+	We the people of Latao shall create this federation to secure our freedom and to protect the individual. We shall create a peaceful society and work for prosperity and social security, while respecting law and order and the rights of other people.
−	The Confederacy of Latao is a huge, economically powerful nation, notable for its complete absence of social welfare. Its hard-nosed, hard-working, intelligent population of 589 million enjoy a sensible mix of personal and economic freedoms, while the political process is open and the people's right to vote held sacrosanct.	+	This Federal Constitution declares the bill of rights for the Confederacy.
−	The tiny government juggles the competing demands of Commerce, Law & Order, and Education. Income tax is unheard of. A powerhouse of a private sector is led by the Uranium Mining, Book Publishing, and Door-to-door Insurance Sales industries.	+
		+	=Article I – State Organization=
		+	The Confederacy of Latao is a democratic federal state. Its districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this federal constitution.
−	The military frequently holds bake sales to raise funds, citizens are frequently held up at gunpoint by their local pizza delivery boys, children deemed 'disorderly' or otherwise unfit for public schools are shipped off to military academies, and the nation is experiencing a severe shortage of sporting events. Crime -- especially youth-related -- is a problem. Latao's national animal is the scooby-doo and its currency is the latinum.	+	The Confederacy of Latao is ruled by an Executive and a bi-cameral Legislative, while the judicial branch is separated from the politics.
−	==Dogmas==	+	==§1 – National Council==
		+	All power defined by this constitution is given to the National Council. The National Council consists of 300 Representatives that represent the citizens of Latao. Every district may send one Representative to the National Council per 50,000 citizens.
−	We believe in Democracy, Neutrality, Freedom and Federalism packed into free social-market economy.	+	===§1.1 – First National Council President===
−	Our keywords to success are strong politcal rights for citizens, low tax duties and wide economy freedoms.	+	The First National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
−	==State Organization==	+	===§1.2 – Second National Council President===
		+	The Second National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
		+	The Second National Council President becomes active when the First National Council President can not serve.
−	The Confederacy of Latao consists of 15 Districts, each formed by numerous Municipalities.	+	===§1.3 – Third National Council President===
		+	The Third National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
		+	The Third National Council President becomes active when the First and the Second National Council Presidents can not serve.
−	===Confederacy===	+	==§2 – Senator Council==
		+	The Senator Council consists of 45 Senators that represent the districts of Latao. Every district may send exactly three Senators to the Senator Council.
−	The Confederacy of Latao is the administrative top level of the nation. It concentrates the base State leading authorities, which enjoy some exclusive special privileges over Districts and Municipalities.	+	===§2.1 – Senator Council President===
		+	The Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
−	The Confederacy operates the centralized Executive, Legislative and Judicative authorities, which form the final instances of the governing bodies. It deals with all matters of national interest and releases authoritative laws for all Districts and Municipalities, based on the Confederacy-Constitution (federal Constitution).	+	===§2.2 – Vice Senator Council President===
		+	The Vice Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
		+	The Vice Senator Council President becomes active when the Senator Council President can not serve.
−	Some of the most important competences of the Confederacy are federal law, military & financial management on the State level and the exclusive privilege of international relationships.	+
		+	==§3 – National Executive Committee==
		+	The National Executive Committee consists of seven Councilors that operationally lead the Confederacy of Latao. Each Councilor is the head of a department that contains ministries or other state-run offices and authorities.
−	===District===	+	The in-percentage strength of a party in the parliament defines how the seats in the National Executive Committee are distributed. In case of unclear mathematical situations, the strongest party in the parliament may receive a third seat in the National Executive Committee.
−	Districts form the actual parts of the land that makes up the Confederacy of Latao. As the nation’s pre-title tells, Latao is a federal State. This means, every District has wide independence within the country. That’s why a District is also often referred to as a ''State''.	+	The National Executive Committee operates as a collective in which every Councilor has equal rights.
−	Therefore, every District has its own Executive, Legislative and Judicative authorities, which operate on District/State level.	+
−	The District (or State) has competence over most matters that affect it. Every District has its own Constitution and may inherit laws from it, as long these laws and the underlying District-Constitution does not violate the federal Constitution of the Confederacy or federal laws. Districts have also control over their law enforcement authorities (such as police) and their tax authorities, as well as financial management and numerous local administrative privileges.	+	It is up to the members of the National Executive Committee to distribute the departments between themselves.
−	===Municipality===	+	===§3.1 – Federal President===
		+	The Federal President is part of the National Executive Committee. He plans and schedules the sessions of the National Executive Committee. The Federal President also has the power to give tie-breaking decisions.
−	Most Municipalities have their own Executive and Legislative authorities – some of them even their own Judicative. In some Districts, several Municipalities centralize all of these authorities (which is based either on historical inheritance or simple financial optimization). This administrative local form of State Organization is called a ''Region''.	+	==§4 – Supreme Court==
		+	The Supreme Court consists of eleven judges that operate independent from the Executive and the Legislative.
−	The Municipality or Region has competence over many local matters, such as tax authorities, financial management and numerous local administrative privileges.	+	===§4.1 – High Judge===
		+	The High Judge represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
−	==State Institutions==	+
		+	=Article II – Governing=
−	The federal Constitution demands the separation of powers within the entire nation. Therefore, the State of Latao is founded on three fundamental institutions:	+	==§1 – Legislation Power==
		+	All legislation activity starts from the National Council. If a proposal passed a poll in the National Council it is submitted to the Senator Council, which may modify it.
−	===Executive===	+	If a proposal is accepted by the Senator Council then the Senator Council submits it to the National Executive Committee which executes the new law.
−	The Executive authorities of all levels of the nation are elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It leads together with the Legislative by releasing laws and directives and giving orders to the Legislative.	+	If a proposal is being modified by the Senator Council, it must be returned to the National Council giving information on the reason(s) of that denial.
		+	The National Council must discuss the rejected proposal and the list of reasons and then hold a poll if the proposal should be revised.
−	The Executive authorities on District and Municipality level consist of five members, including a president. There are a few differences in the organization of the federal Executive authority, which is named the ''National Executive Committee (NEC)'' as described below:	+	A proposal maybe given to the Senator Council for confirmation up to three times; if these roundtrips do not lead to a common solution, a Unification Commission is built.
−	# The NEC consists of seven members, including a president.	+	The responsible councilor of the National Executive Committee is involved in the discussion for all steps of the governing act.
−	# The NEC-members take the office as a “full-time job” and are paid by the State of Latao.	+
−	# The way the NEC is assembled is based on the strength of each political party in the federal Legislative (''Confederacy Council'') – the stronger a party is, the more people it can send to the NEC.	+
−	# No District may send more than one member to the NEC at once.	+
−	===Legislative===	+	===§1.1 – Election of the Unification Commission===
		+	The Unification Commission consists of eleven members, elected by the parliament when needed, to solve one specific proposal.
−	The Legislative authorities of all levels of the nation are elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It leads together with the Executive by releasing laws and giving orders to the Executive.	+	Six of its members and the President must be Representatives and five of its members must be Senators.
−	There are a few differences in the organization of the authorities of the State levels as described below:	+
−	On the Confederacy Level:	+	The President has tie-breaking powers.
−	# Latao’s parliament is a two-chamber legislative. The big chamber is named Confederacy Council (CC) and represents the people of Latao, while the small chamber, the Senator Council (SC) – which is sometimes simply referred as Senate represents the District of the country.	+
−	# The number of citizen living in a District determines the number of people that District may send to the Confederacy Council (CC). The Confederacy Council itself is limited to 300 seats.	+
−	# The Senator Council (SC) is limited to 45 seats, which means, that each District may send exactly three people to the Senate to represent it.	+
−	On the District Level:	+	===§1.2 – Process of the Unification Commission===
−	# The parliaments of the Districts are also two-chamber legislative, organized the same way as the federal parliament. The terms used to refer to District-level parliaments are Small Chamber and Big Chamber. The small Chambers represent the Municipalities and the Big Chambers represent the people who live in the District.	+	The Unification Commission discusses the proposal and acknowledges all additional amendments and revisions.
−	# The number of citizen living in a Municipality determines the number of people that Municipality may send to the District Council (DC).	+
−	# The numbers of seats in the Chambers depends on the District’s Constitution and may vary.	+
−	===Judicative===	+	The President schedules a final poll of the Unification Commission about the proposal. If the revised proposal passed the poll, it is submitted to the National Executive Committee, other ways the proposal is definitely failed.
−	The Judicative authorities of all levels of the nation ere elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It controls the governing bodies (Executive and Legislatives) by wrangling over legal matters and it may cancel laws that are in conflict with constitutional definitions.	+
		+	==§2 – Direct Democracy==
		+	The citizens may request constitutional revisions in accordance with Article V.
−	The first instance for justice cases is the Judicative authority of the Municipality or Region. Adjustments can be taken up to the Confederacy Judicative (Confederacy Court), which then is final.	+	The citizens may also request a poll on new law or the modification or removal of existing law by collecting 50,000 valid signatures. The proposal shall become legal law if the majority of the citizens votes for it.
−	The following requirements apply for all members of State institutions:	+	The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal polls.
−	# Elected directly by the citizens of Latao	+	==§3 – Defense==
−	# The election period is four years	+	The National Executive Committee may mobilize the nation’s military at any time to secure and to ensure its interests. If a mission extends the duration of two months, the parliament must endorse it.
−	# Must be citizen of Latao and must not have any criminal records.	+
−	The third requirement applies also to administrative offices.	+	==§4 – Sessions==
−	[[Category:Atlantian Oceania]]	+	===§4.1 – Executive===
		+	The National Executive Committee is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that it may serve the complete year without interruption.
		+
		+	The National Executive Committee may request sessions of the Legislative and Judicative at any time.
		+
		+	===§4.2 – Legislative===
		+	The National Council and the Senator Council are militia authorities. Its members shall come together at least once in four months.
		+
		+	===§4.3 – Judicative===
		+	The Supreme Court is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that is may serve the complete year without interruption.
		+
		+	=Article III – Electoral System=
		+
		+	==§1 – Terms==
		+	All directly elected positions (including the members of the judicative branch) are subject of a four year term. Begin of a term is the first day of the month January of the following year when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December of the last year of the term.
		+
		+	All indirectly elected positions (excluding the members of the National Executive Committee and the judicative branch, but including the Federal President and the High Judge) are subject of a one year term. Begin of a term is the first day in the month of January when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December.
		+
		+	==§2 – Electoral Regulations==
		+	Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may vote when they are 21 years of age or older. Every voter has as many votes as there are Representatives assigned with his/her district of living and three votes for the Senator Council.
		+
		+	Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may be voted when they are 25 years of age or older and living in the district of election for at least 10 years.
		+
		+	==§3 – Electoral Votes==
		+	Every citizen has as many votes for the National Council as there are seats assigned with the district where the voter lives and exactly three votes for the Senator Council seats assigned with the district where the voter lives.
		+
		+	==§4 – Electoral Areas==
		+	Every district is a complete electoral area. Valid citizens may candidate for a seat in the parliament only in the district they live. Only candidates of the district where the voter lives may be elected.
		+
		+	The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal elections.
		+
		+
		+	==§5 – Voting Process==
		+
		+	===§5.1 Legislative===
		+	Political parties create two lists of candidates for the National Council and the Senator council.
		+
		+	One list contains as many printed names of candidates of the party as there are Representative seats assigned with the district. The other list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.
		+
		+	The third list is a blank list that is not linked with any party. This list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.
		+
		+	The voter must only use and then submit one of these three lists.
		+
		+	If the voter submits the list with the printed names, all of these candidates receive a vote.
		+
		+	In case the voter wishes to vote for different candidates of the same party that may not be listed on the printed list, the voter may manually fill in the names of the candidates he wishes to vote for.
		+
		+	The voter may mix candidates of different parties by manually filling in the names of the candidates he/she wishes to vote for into the blank list.
		+
		+	If using an empty or blank list, the voter may fill in the same name(s) of candidate(s) as there are fields on the list.
		+
		+	The responsible electoral authorities of the district submit the sealed boxes with the envelopes of the voters to the parliament, where the boxes are opened under the eyes of the Representatives and Senators.
		+
		+	The seats assigned to a district are distributed to the candidates with the highest amount of votes.
		+
		+
		+	===§4.2 Executive===
		+	The National Executive Committee is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.
		+
		+	A candidate for a seat in the National Executive Committee is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.
		+
		+	The members of the National Executive Committee must distribute the departments between themselves and vote for a Federal President in the first ten days of their term.
		+
		+	===§4.3 Judicative===
		+	The Supreme Court is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.
		+
		+	A candidate for a seat in the Supreme Court is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.
		+
		+	The members of the Supreme Court must vote for a High Judge in the first ten days of their term.
		+
		+	==§5 – Renewal Elections==
		+	Complete renewal elections for all authorities are held every four years in the second Sunday of the month October.
		+
		+
		+	==§6 - Replacement Elections==
		+
		+	===§6.1 – National Council===
		+	If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.
		+
		+	If a president of the National Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.
		+
		+	===§6.2 – Senator Council===
		+	If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.
		+
		+	If a president of the Senator Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within then days.
		+
		+	===§6.3 – National Executive Committee===
		+	If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the party must nominate candidates for renewal elections which must be held within the next 30 days.
		+
		+	If the Federal President can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within the first ten days after the National Executive Committee is complete again.
		+
		+	===§6.4 – Supreme Court===
		+	If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, renewal elections must be held within the next 30 days.
		+
		+	If the High Judge can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.
		+
		+	==§7 – Political Parties==
		+	The parliament releases law regarding details on political parties. Parties are valid if they respect this democratic constitution.
		+
		+
		+	=Article IV – Constitutional Changes=
		+
		+	==§1 – Legitimating==
		+	Every revision of this constitution must pass a poll with double-majority, regardless what governing body (including the citizens) has requested the change.
		+
		+	Double-majority means, that the absolute number of votes and the number of districts must be supporting a proposal. The vote of a district is the majority of the voters living in that district.
		+
		+	===§1.1 – Legislative Requests===
		+	A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if two-third of the presenting members of the parliament votes for the proposal.
		+
		+	===§1.2 – Citizen Requests===
		+	A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if 100,000 valid signatures are collected of citizens supporting a proposal.
		+
		+	==§2 – Stability==
		+	No more than five articles or paragraphs maybe changed at once. No law maybe given that limits or voids this constitution.
		+
		+	=Article V – Rights of the Districts=
		+
		+	==§1 – Sovereignty==
		+	The districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this constitution.
		+
		+	Every district gives itself a democratic constitution that must be revision able by the citizens of that district. The parliament confirms the constitution if it is not in conflict with federal law.
		+
		+	==§2 – Security==
		+	The districts have the right to build and to command their own police forces.
		+
		+	==§3 – Finance & Treasury==
		+	The districts have the right to administrate their finances and create their own tax laws.
		+
		+	==§4 – Justice==
		+	Every district may create its own local courts. Judicial trials can be brought up to the federal court or Supreme Court responsible for the trial.
		+
		+
		+
		+	=Article VI – Rights of the Confederacy=
		+
		+	==§1 – Justice==
		+	The Confederacy has the right to create specialized courts under the supervision of the Supreme Court.
		+
		+	==§2 – Defense==
		+	The Confederacy has the right to build and to command armies that operate in domestic and foreign areas.
		+
		+	The National Executive Committee may activate the law of war for a maximum period of seven days. Longer periods have to be confirmed by the parliament and can not exceed the duration of one year.
		+
		+	==§3 – Security==
		+	The Confederacy has the right to build and to command federal police forces that operate in domestic and foreign areas.
		+
		+	==§4 – Finance & Treasury==
		+	The Confederacy is responsible to the federal finance administration which includes the right of charging direct federal taxes and national customs.
		+
		+	No domestic taxes between the districts are allowed.
		+
		+	===§4.1 – Financial Revision===
		+	The parliament is responsible to the financial administration of the national treasury.
		+
		+	==§5 – Immigration & Citizenship==
		+	The Confederacy has the right to grant and to remove citizenship. Holders of the Latin passport may not own foreign citizenships concurrently.
		+
		+	==§6 – Traffic & Communication==
		+	The Confederacy has the right to release laws regarding roads and communication ways. Censorship of Medias is prohibited.
		+
		+	===§6.1 – Censorship of Medias in Times of War===
		+	The National Executive Committee may utilize censorship of Medias when the international situation should require prevention of provocations.
		+
		+	The parliament must confirm this state after a period of six months and may extend the censorship for another six months.
		+
		+	==§7 – Foreign Relations==
		+	The Confederacy has the exclusive right of foreign relations.
		+
		+
		+	=Article VII – Rights of the Citizens=
		+
		+	==§1 – Justice==
		+
		+	===§1.1===
		+	No one maybe imprisoned if there is no law which defines the situation of question.
		+
		+	===§1.2===
		+	Arrested people have the right bring their case to a court within 48 hours.
		+
		+	===§1.3===
		+	The death penalty may not be sentenced for political reasons. The Supreme Court is the only authority to deal with death penalties.
		+
		+	===§1.4===
		+	No one may be sentenced for the same judicial case multiple times. A trial and its sentence are accepted by all district’s and federal authorities.
		+
		+	==§2 – Freedom==
		+
		+	===§2.1===
		+	Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may leave and enter the state’s territory at any time.
		+
		+	===§2.2===
		+	Freedom of speech is guaranteed. Any kind of censorship is prohibited.
		+
		+	==§3 – Protection==
		+	Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may not be expelled to foreign states or authorities unless they wish so.
		+
		+	==§4 – Religion==
		+	Neither the Confederacy of Latao nor the districts have a state religion. Law which aims to establish a state religion can not be given.
		+
		+	==§5 - Suffrage==
		+	General suffrage is 18 years of age. The parliament may release laws that define additional details and different suffrage ages for specific subjects.
		+
		+
		+	==Article VIII – Miscellaneous Conditions==
		+
		+	==§1 – Governmental Regulations==
		+
		+	===§1.1 - Concurrency===
		+	Nobody may hold more than one position defined by this or the district’s constitution at once; including positions of foreign states or authorities.
		+
		+	===§1.2 – Financing===
		+	The parliament releases law regarding the payment of politicians and their income. The salary of politicians may not be modified during their term.
		+
		+	===§1.3 – Titles of Nobility===
		+	Authorities of the Confederacy of Latao or the districts may not grant titles of nobility. If such titles are granted by foreign states or their authorities they are not acknowledged in Latao.
		+
		+
		+	[[Category:Latao]]

---

Latest revision as of 14:22, 18 September 2007

Confoederatio Latinum

</td></tr>
"We make the World go around"
Region	Global Right Alliance
Population	over 2 billion
Official Language	German, English
Capital	Luciaria
Leader	National Executive Committee
State Type	Democracy
Government	Right-winged
Currency	Latinum
National Anthem	"Latao above Everything!"
National Animal	Scooby-Doo
Internet TLD	.cl
Dial Code	007
Country Code	CL
Map	[(none)]
Stats: NSEconomy XML

"Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao"

Preamble

We the people of Latao shall create this federation to secure our freedom and to protect the individual. We shall create a peaceful society and work for prosperity and social security, while respecting law and order and the rights of other people.

This Federal Constitution declares the bill of rights for the Confederacy.

Article I – State Organization

The Confederacy of Latao is a democratic federal state. Its districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this federal constitution.

The Confederacy of Latao is ruled by an Executive and a bi-cameral Legislative, while the judicial branch is separated from the politics.

§1 – National Council

All power defined by this constitution is given to the National Council. The National Council consists of 300 Representatives that represent the citizens of Latao. Every district may send one Representative to the National Council per 50,000 citizens.

§1.1 – First National Council President

The First National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.

§1.2 – Second National Council President

The Second National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Second National Council President becomes active when the First National Council President can not serve.

§1.3 – Third National Council President

The Third National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Third National Council President becomes active when the First and the Second National Council Presidents can not serve.

§2 – Senator Council

The Senator Council consists of 45 Senators that represent the districts of Latao. Every district may send exactly three Senators to the Senator Council.

§2.1 – Senator Council President

The Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.

§2.2 – Vice Senator Council President

The Vice Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Vice Senator Council President becomes active when the Senator Council President can not serve.

§3 – National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee consists of seven Councilors that operationally lead the Confederacy of Latao. Each Councilor is the head of a department that contains ministries or other state-run offices and authorities.

The in-percentage strength of a party in the parliament defines how the seats in the National Executive Committee are distributed. In case of unclear mathematical situations, the strongest party in the parliament may receive a third seat in the National Executive Committee.

The National Executive Committee operates as a collective in which every Councilor has equal rights.

It is up to the members of the National Executive Committee to distribute the departments between themselves.

§3.1 – Federal President

The Federal President is part of the National Executive Committee. He plans and schedules the sessions of the National Executive Committee. The Federal President also has the power to give tie-breaking decisions.

§4 – Supreme Court

The Supreme Court consists of eleven judges that operate independent from the Executive and the Legislative.

§4.1 – High Judge

The High Judge represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.

Article II – Governing

§1 – Legislation Power

All legislation activity starts from the National Council. If a proposal passed a poll in the National Council it is submitted to the Senator Council, which may modify it.

If a proposal is accepted by the Senator Council then the Senator Council submits it to the National Executive Committee which executes the new law.

If a proposal is being modified by the Senator Council, it must be returned to the National Council giving information on the reason(s) of that denial. The National Council must discuss the rejected proposal and the list of reasons and then hold a poll if the proposal should be revised.

A proposal maybe given to the Senator Council for confirmation up to three times; if these roundtrips do not lead to a common solution, a Unification Commission is built.

The responsible councilor of the National Executive Committee is involved in the discussion for all steps of the governing act.

§1.1 – Election of the Unification Commission

The Unification Commission consists of eleven members, elected by the parliament when needed, to solve one specific proposal.

Six of its members and the President must be Representatives and five of its members must be Senators.

The President has tie-breaking powers.

§1.2 – Process of the Unification Commission

The Unification Commission discusses the proposal and acknowledges all additional amendments and revisions.

The President schedules a final poll of the Unification Commission about the proposal. If the revised proposal passed the poll, it is submitted to the National Executive Committee, other ways the proposal is definitely failed.

§2 – Direct Democracy

The citizens may request constitutional revisions in accordance with Article V.

The citizens may also request a poll on new law or the modification or removal of existing law by collecting 50,000 valid signatures. The proposal shall become legal law if the majority of the citizens votes for it.

The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal polls.

§3 – Defense

The National Executive Committee may mobilize the nation’s military at any time to secure and to ensure its interests. If a mission extends the duration of two months, the parliament must endorse it.

§4 – Sessions

§4.1 – Executive

The National Executive Committee is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that it may serve the complete year without interruption.

The National Executive Committee may request sessions of the Legislative and Judicative at any time.

§4.2 – Legislative

The National Council and the Senator Council are militia authorities. Its members shall come together at least once in four months.

§4.3 – Judicative

The Supreme Court is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that is may serve the complete year without interruption.

Article III – Electoral System

§1 – Terms

All directly elected positions (including the members of the judicative branch) are subject of a four year term. Begin of a term is the first day of the month January of the following year when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December of the last year of the term.

All indirectly elected positions (excluding the members of the National Executive Committee and the judicative branch, but including the Federal President and the High Judge) are subject of a one year term. Begin of a term is the first day in the month of January when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December.

§2 – Electoral Regulations

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may vote when they are 21 years of age or older. Every voter has as many votes as there are Representatives assigned with his/her district of living and three votes for the Senator Council.

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may be voted when they are 25 years of age or older and living in the district of election for at least 10 years.

§3 – Electoral Votes

Every citizen has as many votes for the National Council as there are seats assigned with the district where the voter lives and exactly three votes for the Senator Council seats assigned with the district where the voter lives.

§4 – Electoral Areas

Every district is a complete electoral area. Valid citizens may candidate for a seat in the parliament only in the district they live. Only candidates of the district where the voter lives may be elected.

The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal elections.

§5 – Voting Process

§5.1 Legislative

Political parties create two lists of candidates for the National Council and the Senator council.

One list contains as many printed names of candidates of the party as there are Representative seats assigned with the district. The other list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.

The third list is a blank list that is not linked with any party. This list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.

The voter must only use and then submit one of these three lists.

If the voter submits the list with the printed names, all of these candidates receive a vote.

In case the voter wishes to vote for different candidates of the same party that may not be listed on the printed list, the voter may manually fill in the names of the candidates he wishes to vote for.

The voter may mix candidates of different parties by manually filling in the names of the candidates he/she wishes to vote for into the blank list.

If using an empty or blank list, the voter may fill in the same name(s) of candidate(s) as there are fields on the list.

The responsible electoral authorities of the district submit the sealed boxes with the envelopes of the voters to the parliament, where the boxes are opened under the eyes of the Representatives and Senators.

The seats assigned to a district are distributed to the candidates with the highest amount of votes.

§4.2 Executive

The National Executive Committee is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.

A candidate for a seat in the National Executive Committee is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.

The members of the National Executive Committee must distribute the departments between themselves and vote for a Federal President in the first ten days of their term.

§4.3 Judicative

The Supreme Court is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.

A candidate for a seat in the Supreme Court is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.

The members of the Supreme Court must vote for a High Judge in the first ten days of their term.

§5 – Renewal Elections

Complete renewal elections for all authorities are held every four years in the second Sunday of the month October.

§6 - Replacement Elections

§6.1 – National Council

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.

If a president of the National Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.

§6.2 – Senator Council

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.

If a president of the Senator Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within then days.

§6.3 – National Executive Committee

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the party must nominate candidates for renewal elections which must be held within the next 30 days.

If the Federal President can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within the first ten days after the National Executive Committee is complete again.

§6.4 – Supreme Court

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, renewal elections must be held within the next 30 days.

If the High Judge can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.

§7 – Political Parties

The parliament releases law regarding details on political parties. Parties are valid if they respect this democratic constitution.

Article IV – Constitutional Changes

§1 – Legitimating

Every revision of this constitution must pass a poll with double-majority, regardless what governing body (including the citizens) has requested the change.

Double-majority means, that the absolute number of votes and the number of districts must be supporting a proposal. The vote of a district is the majority of the voters living in that district.

§1.1 – Legislative Requests

A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if two-third of the presenting members of the parliament votes for the proposal.

§1.2 – Citizen Requests

A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if 100,000 valid signatures are collected of citizens supporting a proposal.

§2 – Stability

No more than five articles or paragraphs maybe changed at once. No law maybe given that limits or voids this constitution.

Article V – Rights of the Districts

§1 – Sovereignty

The districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this constitution.

Every district gives itself a democratic constitution that must be revision able by the citizens of that district. The parliament confirms the constitution if it is not in conflict with federal law.

§2 – Security

The districts have the right to build and to command their own police forces.

§3 – Finance & Treasury

The districts have the right to administrate their finances and create their own tax laws.

§4 – Justice

Every district may create its own local courts. Judicial trials can be brought up to the federal court or Supreme Court responsible for the trial.

Article VI – Rights of the Confederacy

§1 – Justice

The Confederacy has the right to create specialized courts under the supervision of the Supreme Court.

§2 – Defense

The Confederacy has the right to build and to command armies that operate in domestic and foreign areas.

The National Executive Committee may activate the law of war for a maximum period of seven days. Longer periods have to be confirmed by the parliament and can not exceed the duration of one year.

§3 – Security

The Confederacy has the right to build and to command federal police forces that operate in domestic and foreign areas.

§4 – Finance & Treasury

The Confederacy is responsible to the federal finance administration which includes the right of charging direct federal taxes and national customs.

No domestic taxes between the districts are allowed.

§4.1 – Financial Revision

The parliament is responsible to the financial administration of the national treasury.

§5 – Immigration & Citizenship

The Confederacy has the right to grant and to remove citizenship. Holders of the Latin passport may not own foreign citizenships concurrently.

§6 – Traffic & Communication

The Confederacy has the right to release laws regarding roads and communication ways. Censorship of Medias is prohibited.

§6.1 – Censorship of Medias in Times of War

The National Executive Committee may utilize censorship of Medias when the international situation should require prevention of provocations.

The parliament must confirm this state after a period of six months and may extend the censorship for another six months.

§7 – Foreign Relations

The Confederacy has the exclusive right of foreign relations.

Article VII – Rights of the Citizens

§1 – Justice

§1.1

No one maybe imprisoned if there is no law which defines the situation of question.

§1.2

Arrested people have the right bring their case to a court within 48 hours.

§1.3

The death penalty may not be sentenced for political reasons. The Supreme Court is the only authority to deal with death penalties.

§1.4

No one may be sentenced for the same judicial case multiple times. A trial and its sentence are accepted by all district’s and federal authorities.

§2 – Freedom

§2.1

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may leave and enter the state’s territory at any time.

§2.2

Freedom of speech is guaranteed. Any kind of censorship is prohibited.

§3 – Protection

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may not be expelled to foreign states or authorities unless they wish so.

§4 – Religion

Neither the Confederacy of Latao nor the districts have a state religion. Law which aims to establish a state religion can not be given.

§5 - Suffrage

General suffrage is 18 years of age. The parliament may release laws that define additional details and different suffrage ages for specific subjects.

Article VIII – Miscellaneous Conditions

§1 – Governmental Regulations

§1.1 - Concurrency

Nobody may hold more than one position defined by this or the district’s constitution at once; including positions of foreign states or authorities.

§1.2 – Financing

The parliament releases law regarding the payment of politicians and their income. The salary of politicians may not be modified during their term.

§1.3 – Titles of Nobility

Authorities of the Confederacy of Latao or the districts may not grant titles of nobility. If such titles are granted by foreign states or their authorities they are not acknowledged in Latao.