Difference between revisions of "Latao"

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<caption><font size="+1">'''Latao'''</font></caption>
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<caption><font size=" 1">'''''Confoederatio Latinum'''''</font></caption>
 
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<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
 
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
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size="-1">''"We make the World go around")''</font></td></tr>
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size="-1">''"We make the World go around"''</font></td></tr>
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<tr><td>[[Region]]</td><td>[[Atlantian Oceania]]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>[[Region]]</td><td>[[Global Right Alliance]]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Population</td><td>1.5 Billion</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Population</td><td>over 2 billion</td></tr>
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<tr><td>[[Language|Official Languages]]</td><td>[[German]], [[English]]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>[[Language|Official Language]]</td><td>[[German]], [[English]]</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>[[Capital]]</td><td>Luciaria</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>[[Capital]]</td><td>Luciaria</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Field</td><td>Value</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Leader</td><td>National Executive Committee</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>State Type</td><td>Democracy</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>Government</td><td>Right-winged</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>Currency</td><td>Latinum</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>Currency</td><td>Latinum</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>National Anthem</td><td>''"Latao above Everything!"''</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>National Anthem</td><td>''"Latao above Everything!"''</td></tr>
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<tr><td>National Animal</td><td>Scooby-doo</td></tr>
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<tr><td>National Animal</td><td>Scooby-Doo</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>Internet TLD </td><td>.cl</td></tr>
 
<tr><td>Internet TLD </td><td>.cl</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Dial Code </td><td>007</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Dial Code</td><td>007</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Map</td><td>[http://www.omsec.com/latao.jpg Confederacy of Latao]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Country Code</td><td>CL</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>Map</td><td>[(none)]</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td style="background:#333333;" align="center" colspan="2">
 
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
 
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
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size="-2">Stats: [http://nseconomy.thirdgeek.com/nseconomy.php?nation=Latao NSEconomy] [http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/nationdata.cgi/nation=LAtaoXML]</font></td></tr>
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size="-2">Stats: [http://nseconomy.thirdgeek.com/nseconomy.php?nation=Latao NSEconomy] [http://www.nationstates.net/cgi-bin/nationdata.cgi/nation=Latao XML]</font></td></tr>
 +
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;">http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/latao-nyssa.jpg</td></tr>
 +
</table></td></tr>
 +
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font
 +
size="-2">''"Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao"''</font></td></tr>
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
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==Latao at a Glance==
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=Preamble=
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This Book of Facts on Latao provides official information about the Congederacy of Latao. You are introduced to political and cultural specialities about the country which mght be of interests when dealing or negotiating with Latao.
+
We the people of Latao shall create this federation to secure our freedom and to protect the individual. We shall create a peaceful society and work for prosperity and social security, while respecting law and order and the rights of other people.
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+
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===Overview===
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Latao is a moderate-sized country in the sunny south of [[Atlantian Oceania]] with Mediterranean flair. Its strong economy and the abolition of income tax, made Latao to the Monaco of Oceania. The country is an economic powerhouse of the entire region and it still has a stunning environment to offer, that is appreciated by many tourists from all over the world.
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===Facts===
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<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="left">
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<tr><td>Country Name:</td><td>Confederacy of Latao, Confoederazio Latinum</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Climate:</td><td>North: Temperate climate, Middle and South: Mediterraanean</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Location:</td><td>[[Atlantian Oceania]]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Neighbors:</td><td>Value</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Field:</td><td>No direct neighbors; Holy Saints in the north; Outlands in the west; Nyssa* in the east</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Size:</td><td>Moderate [[Atlantian Oceania]]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Capital:</td><td>Luciaria, Luciaria-District</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Population:</td><td>;gt1.5 billion</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Languages:</td><td>German, English</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Religion, Churches:</td><td>45 % Christ Catholic<br>45 % Evangelist<br>10 % None or other</td></tr>
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<tr><td>National Holiday:</td><td>June 4, Foundation of the Confederacy, 1848</td></tr>
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<tr><td>State Form:</td><td>Democratic and Republican Federal State</td></tr>
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<tr><td>State Organization:</td><td>Two-Chamber parliament with direct democracy</td></tr>
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<tr><td>State Leader:</td><td>Federal President; operates as part of the seven members of the National Executive Committee (NEC)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Prime Minister:</td><td>None; administrative head of government is the Federal President as equal member of the NEC</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Foreign Minister:</td><td>Nadia Pumia</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Parliament:</td><td>Two-Chamber parliament, common: Federal Assembly<br>Confederacy Council: 300 seats, President: Tanja Weiss<br>Senator Council: 45 seats, President: Frederick Menna</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Governmental Parties:</td><td>Latao People Party (right-winged)<br>Latao Democrats (middle-right)<br>Fortuna Latinum (conservative)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Opposition:</td><td>Numerous small parties, green and social-wings, nationalists</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Unions:</td><td>Latao Business Alliance<br>Christian Workers Union</td></tr>
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<tr><td>State Order:</td><td>Federal State containing 15 Districts with strong liberty and special autonomy-region Nyssa-Island</td></tr>
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<tr><td>International Memberships:</td><td>Latao is a member of all important regional and international organizations</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Largest Medias:</td><td>Televaion<br>Radio<br>Newspapers</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Currency:</td><td>Latinum (LAT)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>GDP per Capita:</td><td>;gt $44.000</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Country Code:</td><td>CL, LT</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Internet TLD:</td><td>.CL</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Dial Code:</td><td>007</td></tr>
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−
</table>
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<br><br>
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−
 
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===UN-Classification===
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−
The Confederacy of Latao is a huge, economically powerful nation, notable for its complete absence of social welfare. Its hard-nosed, hard-working, intelligent population enjoys a sensible mix of personal and economic freedoms, while the political process is open and the people's right to vote held sacrosanct.
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−
 
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There is no government in the normal sense the word; however, a small group of community-minded, pro-business individuals juggles the competing demands of Commerce, Law & Order, and Education. Income tax is unheard of. A powerhouse of a private sector is led by the Book Publishing industry, followed by Automobile Manufacturing and Gambling.
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−
 
+
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==State Organization==
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−
The Confederacy of Latao consists of 15 Districts, each formed by numerous Municipalities and the island Nyssa as special-autonomy zone.
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−
 
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===Confederacy===
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−
The Confederacy of Latao is the administrative top level of the nation. It concentrates the base State leading authorities, which enjoy some exclusive special privileges over Districts and Municipalities.
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−
 
+
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The Confederacy operates the centralized Executive, Legislative and Judicative authorities, which form the final instances of the governing bodies. It deals with all matters of national interest and releases authoritative laws for all Districts and Municipalities, based on the Confederacy-Constitution (federal Constitution).
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−
 
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Some of the most important competences of the Confederacy are federal law, military & financial management on the State level and the exclusive privilege of international relationships.
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====Capital City====
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Capital of Latao is the city of Luciaria, located in the Luciara-District, which is quite in the middle of the country.
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===District===
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−
Districts form the actual parts of the land that makes up the Confederacy of Latao. As the nation’s pre-title tells, Latao is a federal State. This means, every District has wide independence within the country. That’s why a District is also often referred to as a ''State''.
+
−
Therefore, every District has its own Executive, Legislative and Judicative authorities, which operate on District/State level.
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−
 
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The District (or State) has competence over most matters that affect it. Every District has its own Constitution and may inherit laws from it, as long these laws and the underlying District-Constitution do not violate the federal Constitution of the Confederacy or federal laws. Districts have also control over their law enforcement authorities (such as police) and their tax authorities, as well as financial management and numerous local administrative privileges.
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−
 
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====Names and Facts====
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'''The 15 Districts of Latao:'''
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<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td>''District Name''</td><td>''Capital''</td><td>''Code''</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Terium</td><td>Tera</td><td>TM</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Luciaria</td><td>Luciaria</td><td>LC</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Itonia</td><td>Iton</td><td>IT</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Virgo</td><td>Virgo</td><td>VI</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Curazia</td><td>Curia</td><td>CA</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Siate</td><td>Siate</td><td>SI</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Enea</td><td>Enium</td><td>EA</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Novara</td><td>Novara</td><td>NO</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Mediteranea</td><td>Media</td><td>ME</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Enigma</td><td>Casineum</td><td>EN</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Impotia</td><td>Imporia</td><td>IM</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Domenica</td><td>Domenica</td><td>DO</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Fiona</td><td>Fiona</td><td>FI</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Name</td><td>Capital</td><td>Code</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Vente</td><td>Venta</td><td>VT</td></tr>
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−
<tr><td>Nyssa*</td><td>Nyssa</td><td>NY</td></tr>
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−
</table>
+
−
 
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====Nyssa====
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−
The small island in the sea, located eastern of Latao’s mainland named Nyssa is a special autonomy region.
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For more information, please see the ‘Foreign Policies’-section related to Nyssa-Island.
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−
 
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===Municipality===
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−
Most Municipalities have their own Executive and Legislative authorities – some of them even their own Judicative. In some Districts, several Municipalities centralize all of these authorities (which is based either on historical inheritance or simple financial optimization). This administrative local form of State Organization is called a ''Region''.
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−
 
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The Municipality or Region has competence over many local matters, such as tax authorities, financial management and numerous local administrative privileges.
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−
 
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==State Institutions==
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The Federal Constitution demands the separation of powers within the entire nation. Therefore, the State of Latao is founded on three fundamental institutions:
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===Executive===
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The Executive authorities of all levels of the nation are elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It leads together with the Legislative by releasing laws and directives and giving orders to the Legislative.
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After the seven members have been chosen directly by the citizens of Latao, both chambers of the parliament elect one of them to the Federal President. This election must take place within the first week after the election.
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The Executive authorities on District and Municipality level consist of five members, including a president. There are a few differences in the organization of the federal Executive authority, which is named the ''National Executive Committee (NEC)'' as described below:
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# The NEC consists of seven members, including a president.
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# The NEC-members take the office as a “full-time job” and are paid by the State of Latao.
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# The way the NEC is assembled is based on the strength of each political party in the federal Legislative (''Confederacy Council'') – the stronger a party is, the more people it can send to the NEC.
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# No District may send more than one member to the NEC at once.
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====Federal President====
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Roger Omsec, Secretary of TaCom-Ministry (Traffics / Communication / Environment)
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====Ministries====
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The following gives an introduction to the administrative organization of the Confederacy:
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* Domestic Ministry
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Secretary: Thomas Banda
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The Ministry of Domestic Affairs is responsible to internal policies of Latao and deals with matters of daily live for Latin people. The domestic Ministry works in close co-operation with the Ministry of Police & Military for security issues and border-protection.
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Departments:
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* Migration & Citizenship [link to new page]
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The Department for Migration and Citizenship is responsible how foreigners may enter to Latao and receive the Latin passport, which allows them to work and vote in Latao.
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* Foreign Affairs
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Secretary: Nadia Pumia
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The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the first partner to get in contact with foreign nations or international organizations. Political issues are usually submitted to the responsible Ministry inside Latao, or directly taken up by the Federal President.
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Departments:
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(external links)
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* Co-operation & Development
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This Department is responsible to all embassies of Latao in the world.
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* Regional Integration
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This Department is responsible to the relations between Latao and the [[Atlantian Oceania]] Regional Council
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* Justice
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Secretary: Huber Darwin
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<Description>
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* Police / Military
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Secretary: Stefan Pinos
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The Ministry of Police & Military is responsible to internal and external security issues. As the military often is used inside Latao to support regular police forces and other civil helpers, the Ministry of Police was merged into here.
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Departments:
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* AORDO
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This Department is responsible for all official functions between Latao and the [[Atlantian Oceania]] Regional Defence Organization, the strategic security alliance of Latao in the world.
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* Financials
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Secretary: Rudolf Ossa
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The Ministry of Finance is responsible to all financial matters of the Confederacy.
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* Economy & Commerce
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Secretary: Patrick Olven
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The Ministry of Economy & Commerce is responsible for the concerns & interests of the economy and may operate directly with foreign authorities.
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* Traffic / Communication / Environment
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Secretary: Roger Omsec
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The Ministry of Traffic / Communications and Environment is responsible for the traffic infrastructure, incl. airports and sea management as well was communication & medias and land planning concerns.
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Departments:
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Motorway & Vehicles (Link: Plates)
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===Legislative===
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The Legislative authorities of all levels of the nation are elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It leads together with the Executive by releasing laws and giving orders to the Executive.
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There are a few differences in the organization of the authorities of the State levels as described below:
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On the Confederacy Level:
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# Latao’s parliament is a two-chamber legislative. The big chamber is named ''Confederacy Council (CC)'' and represents the people of Latao, while the small chamber, the ''Senator Council (SC)'' – which is sometimes simply referred to as ''Senate'' represents the Districts of the country.
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# The number of citizen living in a District determines the number of people that District may send to the Confederacy Council (CC). The Confederacy Council itself is limited to 300 seats.
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# The Senator Council (SC) is limited to 45 seats, which means, that each District may send exactly three people to the Senate to represent it.
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On the District Level:
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# The parliaments of the Districts are also two-chamber legislatives, organized the same way as the federal parliament. The terms used to refer to District-level parliaments are ''Small Chamber'' and ''Big Chamber''. The small Chambers represent the Municipalities and the Big Chambers represent the people who live in the District.
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# The number of citizen living in a Municipality determines the number of people that Municipality may send to the District Council (DC).
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# The numbers of seats in the Chambers depend on the District’s Constitution and may vary.
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====Names and Facts====
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* Confederacy Council President: Tanja Weiss
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* Senator Council President: Frederick Menna
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===Judicative===
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The Judicative authorities of all levels of the nation ere elected directly by the people for a period of four years. It controls the governing bodies (Executive and Legislatives) by wrangling over legal matters and it may cancel laws that are in conflict with constitutional definitions.
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The first instance for justice cases is the Judicative authority of the Municipality or Region. Adjustments can be taken up to the Confederacy Judicative (Confederacy Court), which then is final.
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====Names and Facts====
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* Supreme Court President: Lexpert Tarmos
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==Electoral System==
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The electoral system of Latao defines basic rules that apply to all institutions at all levels of the nation:
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# Officials are elected directly by the people of Latao
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# The election period is four years
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The only indirect election is the Federal President; he is a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) and voted by the parliament in the first week after the NEC has been chosen by the people.
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===Periods===
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Complete renewal elections for an institution are held on the second Sunday of October, every four years. Renewal elections are held in change every two years:
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x: Local Elections (Municipality & District)<br>
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x + 2 years: National Elections (Executive, Legislative, Judicative)
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The number of terms is currently not limited by the constitution, although this point is frequently discussed in the country; ideas vary from two up to four terms.
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Replacement elections are held only for members of the Executive and Judicative (this applies to all levels of the nation) – in case a member quits his/her service due to any reasons, the replacement elections must be held within 60 days from the date of quit.
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For members of the Legislative, the free seat is automatically taken by the candidate of the same party, who took the second place on the last election.
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Under any circumstances, the term of the replacement member ends with the next renewal elections (if the replacement member was not elected anymore in the next renewal).
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===Voters===
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Everyone is encouraged to vote who meets the following requirements:
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# Citizen of the Confederacy of Latao
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This Federal Constitution declares the bill of rights for the Confederacy.
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# Completed their 18th year of living
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# Must be related to Latao
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Citizens of Latao, who reside outside the country may participate the election on their own bill.
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(Before Latao abolished income taxes, the fees were added to the next tax bill, now a payment of 5 Latinums must be made before the official documents are sent to the voter, which incl. a permission check, performed by the Municipality where the voter lived last.)
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=Article I – State Organization=
 +
The Confederacy of Latao is a democratic federal state. Its districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this federal constitution.
  
−
The third paragraph means, that a voter must have a clear relation to the country. For example, children of migrated Latin citizens who never lived in Latao, or other “pure holders of a passport”, that sometimes don’t even know the language, cannot vote.
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The Confederacy of Latao is ruled by an Executive and a bi-cameral Legislative, while the judicial branch is separated from the politics.
  
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===Electioneers===
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==§1 – National Council==
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Everyone is encouraged to run for political office who meets the following requirements:
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All power defined by this constitution is given to the National Council. The National Council consists of 300 Representatives that represent the citizens of Latao. Every district may send one Representative to the National Council per 50,000 citizens.
  
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# Citizen of Latao
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===§1.1 – First National Council President===
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# Completed 18th year of living
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The First National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
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# Residing in Latao
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# Must not have any criminal records related to manipulation of elections or corruption
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Electioneers must have resided in Latao for at least five years without a bigger interruption (of a maximum of one year). All electioneers must reside in Latao on the date of election and during the entire term, when they hold an office.
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===§1.2 – Second National Council President===
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Candidates for Judicative authorities also need a valid license as judge or lawyer for the Confederacy of Latao, incl. the District they operate.
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The Second National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
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(This is because every District has its own constitution and laws beside federal law).
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The Second National Council President becomes active when the First National Council President can not serve.
  
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==Constitution==
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===§1.3 – Third National Council President===
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The Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao defines a democratic federal state with direct-democracy.
+
The Third National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
−
Citizens and Parliament members, may request to change the constitution and laws using the democratic instrument ‘Referendum’.
+
The Third National Council President becomes active when the First and the Second National Council Presidents can not serve.
  
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===Dogmas===
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==§2 – Senator Council==
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We believe in Democracy, Neutrality, Freedom and Federalism packed into free social-market economy.
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The Senator Council consists of 45 Senators that represent the districts of Latao. Every district may send exactly three Senators to the Senator Council.
−
Our keywords to success are strong political rights for citizens, low tax duties and wide economic freedoms.
+
  
−
===Constitutional Referendum===
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===§2.1 – Senator Council President===
−
The Constitutional Referendum is the most powerful democratic instrument in the Confederacy of Latao. This type of referendum targets at changing one or more articles in either the Federal Constitution or a District’s Constitution.  
+
The Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
−
A Constitutional Referendum can be called either by members of the parliament or by the citizens directly:
+
  
−
'''''Constitutional Referendum called by Citizens'''''
+
===§2.2 – Vice Senator Council President===
 +
The Vice Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
 +
The Vice Senator Council President becomes active when the Senator Council President can not serve.
  
−
The Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may force a poll for changes in the constitution by collecting signatures.
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−
100.000 signatures are required to call a poll on Federal Level.
+
==§3 – National Executive Committee==
−
A smaller number of signatures, that is defined by the Districts Constitutions, is required to call a local poll for changes in the constitution on District Level.
+
The National Executive Committee consists of seven Councilors that operationally lead the Confederacy of Latao. Each Councilor is the head of a department that contains ministries or other state-run offices and authorities.
  
−
'''''Constitutional Referendum called by Parliament'''''
+
The in-percentage strength of a party in the parliament defines how the seats in the National Executive Committee are distributed. In case of unclear mathematical situations, the strongest party in the parliament may receive a third seat in the National Executive Committee.
  
−
The Members of the Legislative (Confederacy Council & Senator Council) may force a poll for changes in the constitution by collecting endorsements from other members.
+
The National Executive Committee operates as a collective in which every Councilor has equal rights.
−
10 endorsements (out of 300) are required to call a poll for changes in the constitution on Federal Level from the Federal Council;
+
−
2 endorsements (out of 45, 2 per District) are required to call a poll for changes in the constitution on Federal Level from the Senator Council
+
  
−
===Administrative Referendum===
+
It is up to the members of the National Executive Committee to distribute the departments between themselves.
−
The Administrative Referendum targets at changing one or more laws on either Federal or local (Districts & Communities) Level. Since these changes are not deeply reflected in the Constitution, an Administrative Referendum can be held easier than a Constitutional Referendum.
+
−
An Administrative Referendum can be called directly by the citizens:
+
  
−
'''''Administrative Referendum called on Federal Level'''''
+
===§3.1 – Federal President===
 +
The Federal President is part of the National Executive Committee. He plans and schedules the sessions of the National Executive Committee. The Federal President also has the power to give tie-breaking decisions.
  
−
The Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may force a poll for changes in laws on Federal Level by collecting 50.000 signatures.
+
==§4 – Supreme Court==
 +
The Supreme Court consists of eleven judges that operate independent from the Executive and the Legislative.
  
−
'''''Administrative Referendum called on District Level'''''
+
===§4.1 – High Judge===
 +
The High Judge represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.
  
−
The Citizens of the affected District may force a poll for changes in laws on District Level by collecting signatures. The number of required signatures is defined by the District’s Constitution.
+
 +
=Article II – Governing=
  
−
'''''Administrative Referendum called on Community Level'''''
+
==§1 – Legislation Power==
 +
All legislation activity starts from the National Council. If a proposal passed a poll in the National Council it is submitted to the Senator Council, which may modify it.
  
−
The Citizens of the affected Community may force a poll for changes in laws on Community Level by collecting signatures. The number of required signatures is defined by the Community’s local government (Execute & Legislative authorities)
+
If a proposal is accepted by the Senator Council then the Senator Council submits it to the National Executive Committee which executes the new law.
  
−
==Internal Policies==
+
If a proposal is being modified by the Senator Council, it must be returned to the National Council giving information on the reason(s) of that denial.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
The National Council must discuss the rejected proposal and the list of reasons and then hold a poll if the proposal should be revised.
  
−
===Current Discussions===
+
A proposal maybe given to the Senator Council for confirmation up to three times; if these roundtrips do not lead to a common solution, a Unification Commission is built.
−
There are currently three major issues discussed in the government of Latao:
+
  
−
====Prime Minister====
+
The responsible councilor of the National Executive Committee is involved in the discussion for all steps of the governing act.
−
Latao is currently being ruled by a committee of seven members, including a president. The president of this committee (''NEC'') only has minor privileges over his colleges; such as planning meetings and representing the country in abroad. When it comes to make a decision, all members of the ''NEC'' must participate on an internal vote.
+
  
−
The issue currently discussed in the government and the medias (as well as the society) is if this should be changed. The job of the ''Federal President'' would then be called ''Prime Minister'' and the holder would have clear competences over the ''NEC''.
+
===§1.1 – Election of the Unification Commission===
−
If the issue would pass, the ''Prime Minister'' would be elected directly from the citizens of Latao after the other “common” seven members of the ''NEC'' have been elected. The elected seven members can then run for the office of the ''Prime Minister''.
+
The Unification Commission consists of eleven members, elected by the parliament when needed, to solve one specific proposal.
−
(Currently, the ''Federal President'' is voted indirectly by the members of the ''NEC'')
+
  
−
====Representative Office====
+
Six of its members and the President must be Representatives and five of its members must be Senators.
−
Where required, for example in the [[Atlantian Oceania]] regional council or the UN, Latao is represented by the ''Federal President''.
+
  
−
The issue currently discussed in the government and the medias (as well as the society) is if this should be changed and a new office should be created. This new job would be titled ''Federal President'' in case the above issue passes or probably simply ''President'' if not. The idea is to create an office that represents the Confederacy of Latao in all other nations or international institutions without being “abused” by the political parties for their interests, to guarantee stability by political independence. The holder of this office would not have permissions to rule, but he/she can support the government with suggestions.
+
The President has tie-breaking powers.
  
−
====Limited Terms====
+
===§1.2 – Process of the Unification Commission===
−
There is currently no limitation for political terms defined by the constitution. The constitution only says, that a term is four years; for all offices on all administrative levels of the nation. We never saw a holder of an office for more than four terms (16 years).
+
The Unification Commission discusses the proposal and acknowledges all additional amendments and revisions.
  
−
The issue currently discussed in the government and the medias (as well as the society) is if terms should be limited. The ideas vary from two up to four terms.
+
The President schedules a final poll of the Unification Commission about the proposal. If the revised proposal passed the poll, it is submitted to the National Executive Committee, other ways the proposal is definitely failed.
  
 +
 +
==§2 – Direct Democracy==
 +
The citizens may request constitutional revisions in accordance with Article V.
  
−
===Political Parties===
+
The citizens may also request a poll on new law or the modification or removal of existing law by collecting 50,000 valid signatures. The proposal shall become legal law if the majority of the citizens votes for it.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
===Outlawed Organizations===
+
The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal polls.
−
The Confederacy Council recently banned the foreign organization [[Vilitan Antiparticulates]] as it is considered a foreign power’s manipulation instrument.
+
  
−
==Foreign Policies==
+
==§3 – Defense==
−
Latao's primary interests in its foreign policies are the good relations with its regional neighbor countries in [[Atlantian Oceania]]. The Latin Confederacy is interested in economy & trade relationships with its neighbors.
+
The National Executive Committee may mobilize the nation’s military at any time to secure and to ensure its interests. If a mission extends the duration of two months, the parliament must endorse it.
  
−
The country spends most of its attention and political work to its relationship with the new formed Federation of Like-minded States (FLMS) as well as its friend nations [[Starblaydia]] and [[Nova Roma]].
+
==§4 – Sessions==
  
−
===Latao in the World===
+
===§4.1 – Executive===
−
Latao’s interests in the world are usually related to its own benefits and its economy. As we believe in liberty and sovereignty for all people and nations, we are not highly active in international political manners. Latao however participates in several strategic alliances and organizations for co-operation and development as well as security.
+
The National Executive Committee is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that it may serve the complete year without interruption.
  
−
====Embassies (General Info)====
+
The National Executive Committee may request sessions of the Legislative and Judicative at any time.
−
The Confederacy of Latao does not operate embassies in every country. We do currently not have any embassies outside the region of [[Atlantian Oceania]].
+
  
−
Citizens of other countries that wish to get in contact with officials or Latin authorities, please use the embassy that is closest to your location. You may see on the list of embassies, which place that is responsible for you.
+
===§4.2 – Legislative===
−
People living outside of Oceania, are encouraged to send their request directly to the office for International Communication (Ministry of foreign Affairs) to Latao.
+
The National Council and the Senator Council are militia authorities. Its members shall come together at least once in four months.
  
−
Please note, that specific terms may apply for a country, even if that country is served by a Latin embassy located in another nation.
+
===§4.3 – Judicative===
−
Regarding services and terms please see the declaimer below.
+
The Supreme Court is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that is may serve the complete year without interruption.
 +
 +
=Article III – Electoral System=
  
−
The service times of an embassy may vary, please note, that we can only serve requests made in either the official language of Latao (German) or English – any other documents will be ignored. We do not provide translation services; please contact your local service provider instead.
+
==§1 – Terms==
 +
All directly elected positions (including the members of the judicative branch) are subject of a four year term. Begin of a term is the first day of the month January of the following year when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December of the last year of the term.
  
−
Please use the official forms for any requests and fill them in correctly. Invalid forms or other, “hand-made” documents will be ignored or extra charged.
+
All indirectly elected positions (excluding the members of the National Executive Committee and the judicative branch, but including the Federal President and the High Judge) are subject of a one year term. Begin of a term is the first day in the month of January when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December.
  
−
Official embassy buildings are called “Embassy of the Confederacy of Latao”. Since many processed are internally submitted to the responsible ministry in Latao, your request may take up to 10 weeks to proceed – express requests are available in some embassies.
+
==§2 – Electoral Regulations==
 +
Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may vote when they are 21 years of age or older. Every voter has as many votes as there are Representatives assigned with his/her district of living and three votes for the Senator Council.
  
−
====Embassies (List)====
+
Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may be voted when they are 25 years of age or older and living in the district of election for at least 10 years.
−
In here you may find the official list of Latin embassies in the world:
+
  
−
* The Nation of [[Abattoir]], City of Lavingrad
+
==§3 – Electoral Votes==
−
* The Protectorate of [[Starblaydia]], City of [[Jhanna]]
+
Every citizen has as many votes for the National Council as there are seats assigned with the district where the voter lives and exactly three votes for the Senator Council seats assigned with the district where the voter lives.
−
* Sacrosanct Realm of [[Xile]], City of New Babylonia
+
−
* Holy Republic of [[Kingsford]], City of Arms of Nobles
+
−
* [[Bedistan]], City of Columbia
+
−
* Free Republic of [[Lamoni]], City of Nephi
+
−
* Chacor
+
  
−
====Observer Stations====
+
==§4 – Electoral Areas==
−
* [[AORDO]], [[Tabeck]]
+
Every district is a complete electoral area. Valid citizens may candidate for a seat in the parliament only in the district they live. Only candidates of the district where the voter lives may be elected.
  
−
* UN-Headquarters
+
The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal elections.
  
−
The political observer station for the United Nations Organization is currently not in service. Latao frequently participates inside the region of [[Atlantian Oceania]] on UN-votes thru its regional UN-delegate nation, which is currently Abbatoir.
+
 +
==§5 – Voting Process==
  
−
* FLMS
+
===§5.1 Legislative===
−
The political observer station for the FLMS-alliance is not yet in service.
+
Political parties create two lists of candidates for the National Council and the Senator council.
  
−
* [[Atlantian Oceania]] Regional Council
+
One list contains as many printed names of candidates of the party as there are Representative seats assigned with the district. The other list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.
−
The political observer station for the [[Atlantian Oceania]] is currently not in service.
+
  
−
===Latao in the Region===
+
The third list is a blank list that is not linked with any party. This list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.
−
Latao’s interests in the region are primary of the same nature as its interests in the world. The nation however spends most of its attentions to regional affairs.
+
  
−
===Alliances===
+
The voter must only use and then submit one of these three lists.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
====FLMS====
+
If the voter submits the list with the printed names, all of these candidates receive a vote.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
===Memberships===
+
In case the voter wishes to vote for different candidates of the same party that may not be listed on the printed list, the voter may manually fill in the names of the candidates he wishes to vote for.
−
Latao is a member of most important regional and international organizations:
+
  
−
* [[Atlantian Oceania]] Regional Cuncil
+
The voter may mix candidates of different parties by manually filling in the names of the candidates he/she wishes to vote for into the blank list.
−
* AORDO
+
−
* FLMS
+
  
−
====Regional Council====
+
If using an empty or blank list, the voter may fill in the same name(s) of candidate(s) as there are fields on the list.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
====AORDO====
+
The responsible electoral authorities of the district submit the sealed boxes with the envelopes of the voters to the parliament, where the boxes are opened under the eyes of the Representatives and Senators.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
===Nyssa===
+
The seats assigned to a district are distributed to the candidates with the highest amount of votes.
−
The small island, located in the sea eastern of Latao’s mainland is currently a special-autonomy region that the Confederacy of Latao claims as its territory. Fact is that the island’s international status is not yet clearly defined. Nyssa has been inhabited by the Latin people for centuries as they are sharing language and culture.
+
  
−
Being a special-autonomy zone means, that the island is not currently a fully District in the Confederacy. Nyssa has its own government but requires the big “father-land” of Latao in many matters. The Federal President of Latao has the latest word over all important and international affairs that affect the island.
+
 +
===§4.2 Executive===
 +
The National Executive Committee is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.
  
−
The Confederacy wishes to integrate Nyssa regularly as its 16th province, but this plan is controversial inside the nation, because the island is not that well developed as the mainland and might need intensive financial care.
+
A candidate for a seat in the National Executive Committee is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.
−
The opinion on the island itself is more complicated. Some parties would like to join Latao officially as a District under the Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao, while the majority obviously favorites the status quo. There is even a violent group of separatists that demand independence for Nyssa, which Latao always has rejected in past.
+
  
−
The Confederacy considers the Nyssa-question as an internal affair and does currently not wish the [[Atlantian Oceania]] Regional Council to interfere. It’s not clear if the Nyssanians wish that. The only group that explained they would like to call the Regional Council are fundamental separatist groups that the Confederacy declared ‘Terrorists’. The fact, that these groups do not dissociates them selves from violence, probably makes that call irrelevant.
+
The members of the National Executive Committee must distribute the departments between themselves and vote for a Federal President in the first ten days of their term.
  
−
As mentioned above, Nyssa has its own government, elected directly by the people of the island. The head of the government, the “Prime Minister” is however chosen by the National Executive Committee of the Confederacy of Latao.
+
===§4.3 Judicative===
 +
The Supreme Court is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.
  
−
===Outlands===
+
A candidate for a seat in the Supreme Court is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.
−
As Latao (currently) doesn’t have any direct members, the so-called Outlands refer to the no-mans land, international simply described as “Spot 17”, which is located in the west of Latao’s mainland.
+
  
−
The few people living in that area have genetically and in history nothing to do with the people of Latao and it’s unknown if they ever form a state on that territory.
+
The members of the Supreme Court must vote for a High Judge in the first ten days of their term.
  
−
The outlands of Spot 17, have been declared a neutral zone by the Regional Council of [[Atlantian Oceania]], but they are however more or less, frequently managed by the Latao and [[Fmjphoenix]], though both states to not have the legal right to claim the land as their own territory.
+
==§5 – Renewal Elections==
 +
Complete renewal elections for all authorities are held every four years in the second Sunday of the month October.
  
−
Latao as well as [[Fmjphoenix]] is growing, which means that the residing nomads in the outlands of Spot 17 more and more move inside the area. Latao and frequently extends cities on these territory, buildings which are created illegally, as the government knows, that this territory is not Latin. That’s why Latao does not provide any service such as protection thru police outside it’s international borders. As a result of this, the outlands are a dangerous place, where Latins drive out to take acts that would be against the law inside Latao.
+
 +
==§6 - Replacement Elections==
  
−
Unofficial Latin squads however patronize the outlands near Latao and the Confederacy tolerates it, as it is receiving money from more or less illegal or dubious sources, such as rubbery, drug-dealing, illegal gambling or smuggling.
+
===§6.1 – National Council===
 +
If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.
  
−
Although, theoretically illegal, the Latin State collects taxes from the nomads in the outlands, for providing “general services” (it’s known that Latao provides nearly nothing to these people).
+
If a president of the National Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.
  
−
===Current Discussions===
+
===§6.2 – Senator Council===
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.
  
−
====Sarzonia Conflict====
+
If a president of the Senator Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within then days.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
====FLMS-Membership====
+
===§6.3 – National Executive Committee===
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the party must nominate candidates for renewal elections which must be held within the next 30 days.
  
−
===Bilateral Contracts===
+
If the Federal President can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within the first ten days after the National Executive Committee is complete again.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
====Nova Roma====
+
===§6.4 – Supreme Court===
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, renewal elections must be held within the next 30 days.
  
−
====Starblaydia====
+
If the High Judge can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
==Military==
+
==§7 – Political Parties==
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
The parliament releases law regarding details on political parties. Parties are valid if they respect this democratic constitution.
  
−
===Army===
+
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
=Article IV – Constitutional Changes=
  
−
===Air Force===
+
==§1 – Legitimating==
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
Every revision of this constitution must pass a poll with double-majority, regardless what governing body (including the citizens) has requested the change.
  
−
===Navy===
+
Double-majority means, that the absolute number of votes and the number of districts must be supporting a proposal. The vote of a district is the majority of the voters living in that district.
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
===Special Forces===
+
===§1.1 – Legislative Requests===
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if two-third of the presenting members of the parliament votes for the proposal.
  
−
===Intelligence Services===
+
===§1.2 – Citizen Requests===
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if 100,000 valid signatures are collected of citizens supporting a proposal.
  
−
==Geography==
+
==§2 – Stability==
−
Latao is located in the south of [[Atlantian Oceania]]. It does not have any direct neighbor nations. After the state border of the western Districts lie the outlands. In the north, divided by the Kialiutu Sea, is the nation of Holy Saints. In the Secocia Sea in the east, is the Nyssa-island located.
+
No more than five articles or paragraphs maybe changed at once. No law maybe given that limits or voids this constitution.
 +
 +
=Article V – Rights of the Districts=
  
−
===Map===
+
==§1 – Sovereignty==
−
This chapter provdides a [[map of Latao]] including additional information on Districts and cities.
+
The districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this constitution.
  
−
==History==
+
Every district gives itself a democratic constitution that must be revision able by the citizens of that district. The parliament confirms the constitution if it is not in conflict with federal law.   
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
  
−
===Early Antiquity===
+
==§2 – Security==
−
The Latins ancient ancestry is the southern region of Ille de France. During the millenniums, the Latin culture traveled to the region of [[Atlantian Oceania]], where ancient eternal curia was founded, by the lords Lixus and Delaria as the legend tells.
+
The districts have the right to build and to command their own police forces.
  
−
Sent from the outer realms, the rulers of the eternal curia managed to make their city well known in the area of today’s District with the same ancient name. They started to organize structures to manage food and protection.
+
==§3 – Finance & Treasury==
 +
The districts have the right to administrate their finances and create their own tax laws.
  
−
The legend says that Lixus killed his own sister after she refused to born a son of clean blood.  
+
==§4 – Justice==
 +
Every district may create its own local courts. Judicial trials can be brought up to the federal court or Supreme Court responsible for the trial.
  
−
During the first two centuries of the ancient nations, the situation was unclear. Historical sources report of numerous priests and emperors during that area.
 
  
−
After that period, the first “renaissance” in the curia began. The first democratic-like structures were founded by the son of a rich olive dealer named Itanius. He probably could get this position thru inheritance from his father.
+
 +
=Article VI – Rights of the Confederacy=
  
−
Itanius was fascinated by the ideas of the ancient writings related to Demokratia. With the support of mighty war lords, he forced the creation of the first Senate in Atlatiantian Oceania, named Senatium with him, Itanium on top.
+
==§1 – Justice==
 +
The Confederacy has the right to create specialized courts under the supervision of the Supreme Court.
  
−
This position of concentration of power, quickly leaded to trouble. After a rough period of a estimated century long, Itanium and most of his Senators got murdered sooner or later.
+
==§2 – Defense==
 +
The Confederacy has the right to build and to command armies that operate in domestic and foreign areas.
  
−
After these times of internal instability, the Senatium got forgotten. Until a new man entered the stage of the eternal curia: Sidanus.
+
The National Executive Committee may activate the law of war for a maximum period of seven days. Longer periods have to be confirmed by the parliament and can not exceed the duration of one year.
  
−
The brilliant mathematician and scientist went up the social hierarchy quickly with his revolutionary discovering of physics and theology.
+
==§3 – Security==
 +
The Confederacy has the right to build and to command federal police forces that operate in domestic and foreign areas.
  
−
After the death of the high priest of the curia, he reached the top of the eternal city-state. He quickly reorganized the old, corrupted Senatium that wasn’t much more than a shadow-assembly and created the office of the emperor.
+
==§4 – Finance & Treasury==
 +
The Confederacy is responsible to the federal finance administration which includes the right of charging direct federal taxes and national customs.
  
−
The emperor was after Sidanus, the emperor was voted by the members of the Senatium, which consisted of military generals, priests and rich dealers. The new stability achieved in this era allowed the eternal curia to bring itself quickly into the center of the ancient world. High priests of surrounding city-states joined the eternal curia, which allowed them to create the first modern army in southern Oceania.
+
No domestic taxes between the districts are allowed.
−
This new instrument empowered the curia to extend its territory. This process was the fundament of the Imporio Latinum; the eternal realms. During the centuries, the curia growed rapidly and conquered the entire southern island of [[Atlantian Oceania]].
+
  
−
The curia Latinum spread the base for trading, science and theology in the known (southern) ancient world. The curia Latinum was an empire, consisting of states, ruled by generals, while that building was hold together by the Senatium, which was finally taken nearly completely by traders, who gained fabulous wealth thru the new territories. The emperor was now elected by the Senatium. Though he had full control over the entire empire and often killed local generals that refused to follow him, he was a marionette of the Senatium.
+
===§4.1 – Financial Revision===
 +
The parliament is responsible to the financial administration of the national treasury.
  
−
Based on this fundament, emperor Luciaria took over the curia, which was now an integrated realm, even provided with roads.
+
==§5 – Immigration & Citizenship==
 +
The Confederacy has the right to grant and to remove citizenship. Holders of the Latin passport may not own foreign citizenships concurrently.
  
−
===Ancient Integration===
+
==§6 – Traffic & Communication==
−
Luciaria replaced the local generals and let the people from all city-states elected their represantives into the Senatium. The creation of a common currency accorded to be highly conducive to the integration era of the empire. He tricked the generals and finally gained full control over the military and secured its support in the Senatium and the citizens of all city-states with money and personal benefits.
+
The Confederacy has the right to release laws regarding roads and communication ways. Censorship of Medias is prohibited.
−
Under his leasing, the eternal curia Luciaria (what then was the official name) become the mightiest empire in the known world.
+
  
−
===Forsake===
+
===§6.1 – Censorship of Medias in Times of War===
−
For reasons, that aren’t clear yet for today’s historical scientists, the ancient empire collapsed. The citizens of the ancient city-states formed new, independent nations during the centuries and the Latin culture vanished in these areas outside the borders of today’s Latao.
+
The National Executive Committee may utilize censorship of Medias when the international situation should require prevention of provocations.
  
−
The eternal curia however stayed, but the original ancient city lost relevance as the city of Luciaria was the central point of the Latin culture now.
+
The parliament must confirm this state after a period of six months and may extend the censorship for another six months.
  
−
===Medieval Times===
+
==§7 – Foreign Relations==
−
With the collapse of the ancient empire, the dark and rough medieval times began in the region. Wide parts of the know-how discovered and developed by the ancient empire was lost during the centuries.
+
The Confederacy has the exclusive right of foreign relations.
  
−
The cities inside the mainland of today’s Latao started to go their own ways. Most of them were ruled by the wealthy or religious priests with more or less dictator-like methods.
+
 +
=Article VII – Rights of the Citizens=
  
−
The Latin cities, ancient city-states started to battle for territory which formed the District’s we know from today.
+
==§1 – Justice==
−
As these were dangerous times, the local leaders of these states (as the districts were called) began to create contracts, where they agreed not to attack themselves and to protect the lands from foreign aggressions. The parties of these contracts however had the right to expand their territory on areas not hold by members of the contracts.
+
  
−
During the centuries, these contracts brought a new form of state organization:
+
===§1.1===
−
The “oath council”.
+
No one maybe imprisoned if there is no law which defines the situation of question.
−
This council came together a few times per year and discussed issues that affected all Latin states. This form of state organization worked fine until the modern era.
+
  
−
===Modernity===
+
===§1.2===
−
As the centuries went by, the democracy demanded its power back. The oath council, that was assembled only of rich and upper nobility couldn’t stand the pressure from the people anymore.
+
Arrested people have the right bring their case to a court within 48 hours.
  
−
Revolutions broke out in more and more states, which lead to the collapse of the oath council. As the (in some states bloody) revolutions all had similar goals, the new powers came together and negotiated about a common future for the Latin people.
+
===§1.3===
 +
The death penalty may not be sentenced for political reasons. The Supreme Court is the only authority to deal with death penalties.
  
−
The idea was finally born to create a new state for all Latin people; by keeping local freedoms the states have been hard-earned for centuries.
+
===§1.4===
 +
No one may be sentenced for the same judicial case multiple times. A trial and its sentence are accepted by all district’s and federal authorities.
  
−
It should have taken another 50 years until these ideas became reality.
+
==§2 – Freedom==
  
−
The reformatory hold a referendum to legitimate their ideas. This voting wasn’t as free and unforced as today’s elections.
+
===§2.1===
−
After the referendum was held, the oath council agreed that it’s been replaced with the institutions declared by the new constitution.
+
Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may leave and enter the state’s territory at any time.
  
−
The Confederacy of Latao was born. The former states that inherited the millenniums-old culture of the eternal curia’s city-states were united as Districts and formed a new sovereign nation from that day on. The young parliament decided Luciaria to be capital city of the new formed nation.
+
===§2.2===
 +
Freedom of speech is guaranteed. Any kind of censorship is prohibited.
  
−
===Modern History===
+
==§3 – Protection==
−
During the last 50 years, Latao was an inconsiderable country, with a well-functioning local economy, but was not really rich or mighty.
+
Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may not be expelled to foreign states or authorities unless they wish so.
  
−
===Latest Developments===
+
==§4 – Religion==
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
Neither the Confederacy of Latao nor the districts have a state religion. Law which aims to establish a state religion can not be given.
  
−
==People & Culture==
+
==§5 - Suffrage==
−
''Information Incomplete''
+
General suffrage is 18 years of age. The parliament may release laws that define additional details and different suffrage ages for specific subjects.
  
−
===Way of Life===
+
−
Latao is a nation, which’s society is pretty much into fashion, style and glamour. The Mediterranean land on the southern-west island of Oceania, is loved by the rich and famous from all over the world. Actors, Economy-Bosses, National Leaders, Athletes as well as more or less famous Stars and Starlets regularly celebrate their stands in Latao.
+
==Article VIII – Miscellaneous Conditions==
  
−
Also the political elite of the nation is an active part of this high-society. Even the highest ministers enjoy wild and wet party nights with models and actresses, the rainbow press frequently reports of night-long alcohol excesses, sometimes even with prostitutes, which are celebrated in exclusive dance clubs or huge yachts in Latao’s waters.
+
==§1 – Governmental Regulations==
  
−
The fashion and beauty industry therefore is an important and influential economy-branch in the nation. Latao also hosts the headquarters of many large multi-national companies. Its economical strength and the fact, that no one got to pay tax, made Latao one of the richest countries in the world and a place for the international rich and famous, as well as shady figures.
+
===§1.1 - Concurrency===
 +
Nobody may hold more than one position defined by this or the district’s constitution at once; including positions of foreign states or authorities.
  
−
Asides numerous beauty contests, show awards and fashion shows held, Latao’s powerhouse is the financial place that contains hundreds of private banks, insurances and stock exchanges. Another powerful branch is gambling and the car-manufacturing industry as well as the so-called new economy.
+
===§1.2 – Financing===
 +
The parliament releases law regarding the payment of politicians and their income. The salary of politicians may not be modified during their term.
  
−
Notable is the deep linkage between the political leading of the state and its economy. It’s obviously widely accepted, that most members of the government also are the bosses of big multi-national corporations. Latao might be the only country in the world, where official secretaries wear Puma, Nike or Coca-Cola clothes while the background is decorated with the BMW and Microsoft logos. This specific feature is what the Latins call their “Network”. Even members of the Executive authorities may run large companies, the Federal President for example, owns Latao’s favorite broadcasting network, the shmoo entertainment group.
+
===§1.3 – Titles of Nobility===
 +
Authorities of the Confederacy of Latao or the districts may not grant titles of nobility. If such titles are granted by foreign states or their authorities they are not acknowledged in Latao.
  
−
===Impressions from Latao===
 
−
The following article about [[Impressions from Latao]] is a story written by an unknown traveller.
 
  
−
[[Category:Atlantian Oceania]]
+
[[Category:Latao]]

Latest revision as of 14:22, 18 September 2007

Confoederatio Latinum
latao.jpg
</td></tr>
"We make the World go around"
RegionGlobal Right Alliance
Populationover 2 billion
Official LanguageGerman, English
CapitalLuciaria
LeaderNational Executive Committee
State TypeDemocracy
GovernmentRight-winged
CurrencyLatinum
National Anthem"Latao above Everything!"
National AnimalScooby-Doo
Internet TLD .cl
Dial Code007
Country CodeCL
Map[(none)]
Stats: NSEconomy XML
latao-nyssa.jpg
"Constitution of the Confederacy of Latao"

Contents

Preamble

We the people of Latao shall create this federation to secure our freedom and to protect the individual. We shall create a peaceful society and work for prosperity and social security, while respecting law and order and the rights of other people.

This Federal Constitution declares the bill of rights for the Confederacy.


Article I – State Organization

The Confederacy of Latao is a democratic federal state. Its districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this federal constitution.

The Confederacy of Latao is ruled by an Executive and a bi-cameral Legislative, while the judicial branch is separated from the politics.

§1 – National Council

All power defined by this constitution is given to the National Council. The National Council consists of 300 Representatives that represent the citizens of Latao. Every district may send one Representative to the National Council per 50,000 citizens.

§1.1 – First National Council President

The First National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.

§1.2 – Second National Council President

The Second National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Second National Council President becomes active when the First National Council President can not serve.

§1.3 – Third National Council President

The Third National Council President represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Third National Council President becomes active when the First and the Second National Council Presidents can not serve.

§2 – Senator Council

The Senator Council consists of 45 Senators that represent the districts of Latao. Every district may send exactly three Senators to the Senator Council.

§2.1 – Senator Council President

The Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.

§2.2 – Vice Senator Council President

The Vice Senator Council President represents the Senator Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions. The Vice Senator Council President becomes active when the Senator Council President can not serve.


§3 – National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee consists of seven Councilors that operationally lead the Confederacy of Latao. Each Councilor is the head of a department that contains ministries or other state-run offices and authorities.

The in-percentage strength of a party in the parliament defines how the seats in the National Executive Committee are distributed. In case of unclear mathematical situations, the strongest party in the parliament may receive a third seat in the National Executive Committee.

The National Executive Committee operates as a collective in which every Councilor has equal rights.

It is up to the members of the National Executive Committee to distribute the departments between themselves.

§3.1 – Federal President

The Federal President is part of the National Executive Committee. He plans and schedules the sessions of the National Executive Committee. The Federal President also has the power to give tie-breaking decisions.

§4 – Supreme Court

The Supreme Court consists of eleven judges that operate independent from the Executive and the Legislative.

§4.1 – High Judge

The High Judge represents the National Council. He has tie-breaking powers and schedules the sessions.


Article II – Governing

§1 – Legislation Power

All legislation activity starts from the National Council. If a proposal passed a poll in the National Council it is submitted to the Senator Council, which may modify it.

If a proposal is accepted by the Senator Council then the Senator Council submits it to the National Executive Committee which executes the new law.

If a proposal is being modified by the Senator Council, it must be returned to the National Council giving information on the reason(s) of that denial. The National Council must discuss the rejected proposal and the list of reasons and then hold a poll if the proposal should be revised.

A proposal maybe given to the Senator Council for confirmation up to three times; if these roundtrips do not lead to a common solution, a Unification Commission is built.

The responsible councilor of the National Executive Committee is involved in the discussion for all steps of the governing act.

§1.1 – Election of the Unification Commission

The Unification Commission consists of eleven members, elected by the parliament when needed, to solve one specific proposal.

Six of its members and the President must be Representatives and five of its members must be Senators.

The President has tie-breaking powers.

§1.2 – Process of the Unification Commission

The Unification Commission discusses the proposal and acknowledges all additional amendments and revisions.

The President schedules a final poll of the Unification Commission about the proposal. If the revised proposal passed the poll, it is submitted to the National Executive Committee, other ways the proposal is definitely failed.


§2 – Direct Democracy

The citizens may request constitutional revisions in accordance with Article V.

The citizens may also request a poll on new law or the modification or removal of existing law by collecting 50,000 valid signatures. The proposal shall become legal law if the majority of the citizens votes for it.

The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal polls.

§3 – Defense

The National Executive Committee may mobilize the nation’s military at any time to secure and to ensure its interests. If a mission extends the duration of two months, the parliament must endorse it.

§4 – Sessions

§4.1 – Executive

The National Executive Committee is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that it may serve the complete year without interruption.

The National Executive Committee may request sessions of the Legislative and Judicative at any time.

§4.2 – Legislative

The National Council and the Senator Council are militia authorities. Its members shall come together at least once in four months.

§4.3 – Judicative

The Supreme Court is a permanent authority. The authority must ensure that is may serve the complete year without interruption.

Article III – Electoral System

§1 – Terms

All directly elected positions (including the members of the judicative branch) are subject of a four year term. Begin of a term is the first day of the month January of the following year when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December of the last year of the term.

All indirectly elected positions (excluding the members of the National Executive Committee and the judicative branch, but including the Federal President and the High Judge) are subject of a one year term. Begin of a term is the first day in the month of January when the candidate was elected. The term ends in the last day of the month December.

§2 – Electoral Regulations

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may vote when they are 21 years of age or older. Every voter has as many votes as there are Representatives assigned with his/her district of living and three votes for the Senator Council.

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may be voted when they are 25 years of age or older and living in the district of election for at least 10 years.

§3 – Electoral Votes

Every citizen has as many votes for the National Council as there are seats assigned with the district where the voter lives and exactly three votes for the Senator Council seats assigned with the district where the voter lives.

§4 – Electoral Areas

Every district is a complete electoral area. Valid citizens may candidate for a seat in the parliament only in the district they live. Only candidates of the district where the voter lives may be elected.

The parliament releases an electoral law that defines additional details regarding federal elections.


§5 – Voting Process

§5.1 Legislative

Political parties create two lists of candidates for the National Council and the Senator council.

One list contains as many printed names of candidates of the party as there are Representative seats assigned with the district. The other list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.

The third list is a blank list that is not linked with any party. This list contains as many empty fields as there are Representative seats assigned with the district.

The voter must only use and then submit one of these three lists.

If the voter submits the list with the printed names, all of these candidates receive a vote.

In case the voter wishes to vote for different candidates of the same party that may not be listed on the printed list, the voter may manually fill in the names of the candidates he wishes to vote for.

The voter may mix candidates of different parties by manually filling in the names of the candidates he/she wishes to vote for into the blank list.

If using an empty or blank list, the voter may fill in the same name(s) of candidate(s) as there are fields on the list.

The responsible electoral authorities of the district submit the sealed boxes with the envelopes of the voters to the parliament, where the boxes are opened under the eyes of the Representatives and Senators.

The seats assigned to a district are distributed to the candidates with the highest amount of votes.


§4.2 Executive

The National Executive Committee is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.

A candidate for a seat in the National Executive Committee is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.

The members of the National Executive Committee must distribute the departments between themselves and vote for a Federal President in the first ten days of their term.

§4.3 Judicative

The Supreme Court is elected indirectly by both chambers of the parliament. The election must be held from the newly elected parliament in the last day of December of the year of its election on the latest.

A candidate for a seat in the Supreme Court is elected, if he/she receives two-thirds of the votes of the presenting parliament members.

The members of the Supreme Court must vote for a High Judge in the first ten days of their term.

§5 – Renewal Elections

Complete renewal elections for all authorities are held every four years in the second Sunday of the month October.


§6 - Replacement Elections

§6.1 – National Council

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.

If a president of the National Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.

§6.2 – Senator Council

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the candidate with the next best electoral result of the same district automatically takes that seat, regardless of the party.

If a president of the Senator Council can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within then days.

§6.3 – National Executive Committee

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, the party must nominate candidates for renewal elections which must be held within the next 30 days.

If the Federal President can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within the first ten days after the National Executive Committee is complete again.

§6.4 – Supreme Court

If a seat becomes available before the next renewal elections, renewal elections must be held within the next 30 days.

If the High Judge can not complete his/her term then replacement elections must be held within ten days.

§7 – Political Parties

The parliament releases law regarding details on political parties. Parties are valid if they respect this democratic constitution.


Article IV – Constitutional Changes

§1 – Legitimating

Every revision of this constitution must pass a poll with double-majority, regardless what governing body (including the citizens) has requested the change.

Double-majority means, that the absolute number of votes and the number of districts must be supporting a proposal. The vote of a district is the majority of the voters living in that district.

§1.1 – Legislative Requests

A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if two-third of the presenting members of the parliament votes for the proposal.

§1.2 – Citizen Requests

A poll to request a revision of this constitution maybe held if 100,000 valid signatures are collected of citizens supporting a proposal.

§2 – Stability

No more than five articles or paragraphs maybe changed at once. No law maybe given that limits or voids this constitution.

Article V – Rights of the Districts

§1 – Sovereignty

The districts are sovereign as long their sovereignty is not limited by this constitution.

Every district gives itself a democratic constitution that must be revision able by the citizens of that district. The parliament confirms the constitution if it is not in conflict with federal law.

§2 – Security

The districts have the right to build and to command their own police forces.

§3 – Finance & Treasury

The districts have the right to administrate their finances and create their own tax laws.

§4 – Justice

Every district may create its own local courts. Judicial trials can be brought up to the federal court or Supreme Court responsible for the trial.


Article VI – Rights of the Confederacy

§1 – Justice

The Confederacy has the right to create specialized courts under the supervision of the Supreme Court.

§2 – Defense

The Confederacy has the right to build and to command armies that operate in domestic and foreign areas.

The National Executive Committee may activate the law of war for a maximum period of seven days. Longer periods have to be confirmed by the parliament and can not exceed the duration of one year.

§3 – Security

The Confederacy has the right to build and to command federal police forces that operate in domestic and foreign areas.

§4 – Finance & Treasury

The Confederacy is responsible to the federal finance administration which includes the right of charging direct federal taxes and national customs.

No domestic taxes between the districts are allowed.

§4.1 – Financial Revision

The parliament is responsible to the financial administration of the national treasury.

§5 – Immigration & Citizenship

The Confederacy has the right to grant and to remove citizenship. Holders of the Latin passport may not own foreign citizenships concurrently.

§6 – Traffic & Communication

The Confederacy has the right to release laws regarding roads and communication ways. Censorship of Medias is prohibited.

§6.1 – Censorship of Medias in Times of War

The National Executive Committee may utilize censorship of Medias when the international situation should require prevention of provocations.

The parliament must confirm this state after a period of six months and may extend the censorship for another six months.

§7 – Foreign Relations

The Confederacy has the exclusive right of foreign relations.


Article VII – Rights of the Citizens

§1 – Justice

§1.1

No one maybe imprisoned if there is no law which defines the situation of question.

§1.2

Arrested people have the right bring their case to a court within 48 hours.

§1.3

The death penalty may not be sentenced for political reasons. The Supreme Court is the only authority to deal with death penalties.

§1.4

No one may be sentenced for the same judicial case multiple times. A trial and its sentence are accepted by all district’s and federal authorities.

§2 – Freedom

§2.1

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may leave and enter the state’s territory at any time.

§2.2

Freedom of speech is guaranteed. Any kind of censorship is prohibited.

§3 – Protection

Citizens of the Confederacy of Latao may not be expelled to foreign states or authorities unless they wish so.

§4 – Religion

Neither the Confederacy of Latao nor the districts have a state religion. Law which aims to establish a state religion can not be given.

§5 - Suffrage

General suffrage is 18 years of age. The parliament may release laws that define additional details and different suffrage ages for specific subjects.


Article VIII – Miscellaneous Conditions

§1 – Governmental Regulations

§1.1 - Concurrency

Nobody may hold more than one position defined by this or the district’s constitution at once; including positions of foreign states or authorities.

§1.2 – Financing

The parliament releases law regarding the payment of politicians and their income. The salary of politicians may not be modified during their term.

§1.3 – Titles of Nobility

Authorities of the Confederacy of Latao or the districts may not grant titles of nobility. If such titles are granted by foreign states or their authorities they are not acknowledged in Latao.

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