Difference between revisions of "Poirih dialects"

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Dialects of the [[Poirih]] language spoken in [[Yuunli]] (all pronunciation indications in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA X-SAMPA]):
+
There are four groups of dialects:
 +
* Standard Poirih (not on the map)
 +
* West Mich-Inzl (shades of red/orange)
 +
* East Mich-Inzl (shades of blue)
 +
* Chirachi (shades of green)
  
−
== Pronunciation differences ==
+
People in [[Honkoa]] speak a dialect with western and eastern Mich-Inzl elements (purple on the map).
 +
<br>The closest relative of the [[Kazua]] dialect is the one spoken in [[Lankoin]], but the map can't reflect that.
  
−
=== Balembai ===
+
http://img398.imageshack.us/img398/6105/linguistic17mk.gif
−
* Single vowels
+
 
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
Pronunciation of the different [[Poirih]] transcription letters in Standard Poirih as well as the provincial dialects spoken in [[Yuunli]] (all pronunciation indications in [[Wikipedia:X-SAMPA|X-SAMPA]]):
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
 
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
=== A, short ===
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
Standard: [a], word-finally [6]
−
** Short U is pronounced [U]
+
<br>Poapik: E [@]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>Chirachi:
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
<br>- Kazua: A [a], word-finally E [@]
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
<br>- Lankoin: A [a], unstressed Ä [&], word-finally [@]
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Pinkeba, Tameza: Ä [&], word-finally E [@]
−
** AI is pronounced [6I]
+
<br>- Poichbiezn: Ä [&], word-finally A [6]
−
* Consonants
+
 
−
** K, P and T are aspirated
+
=== A, long ===
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
Standard: [a:]
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ä [&:]
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
<br>- Kazua: A [a:]
 +
<br>- Lankoin: A [a:], unstressed Ä [&:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Â [A:]
 +
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
 +
<br>- Muituan, Uaza: A [a:]
 +
<br>- Poapil: E [@:]
 +
 
 +
=== AI ===
 +
Standard: [aI]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa: AU [6U]
 +
<br>- Itupt: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>- Muituan, Uaza: AI [aI]
 +
<br>- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
 +
<br>- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: AÜ [6Y]
 +
 
 +
=== B ===
 +
Standard: [b]
 +
<br>Chirachi: WH [P]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: after unstressed vowel W [w]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: ZH [Z]
 +
<br>- Loreka, Zentai: syllable-finally P [p_h]
 +
 
 +
=== CH ===
 +
Standard: [C]
 +
<br>Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
 +
<br>- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Muituan: SH [S]
 +
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Putal, Tenkaz: Y [j]
 +
<br>- Poapik: Y [j], dropped word-initially
 +
 
 +
=== E, short ===
 +
Standard: È [E]
 +
<br>Chirachi: E [e]
 +
<br>East Mich-Inzl: Ö [9] ''(Itupt, Kant, Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza)''
 +
 
 +
=== E, long ===
 +
Standard: È [E:]
 +
<br>Chirachi and West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
 +
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== EA ===
 +
Standard: [E6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: ÄE [E@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Kant, Muituan, Uaza: E [e:]
 +
 
 +
=== EI ===
 +
Standard: [EI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: E [e:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Poapik: E [e:]
 +
<br>- Zentai: EÜ [EY]
 +
 
 +
=== È, short ===
 +
Standard: [E]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2]
 +
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [9]
 +
 
 +
=== È, long ===
 +
Standard: [E:]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
 +
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== ÈA ===
 +
Standard: [EI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa: EU [EU]
 +
<br>- Itupt: E [@:]
 +
<br>- Loreka, Riftal: IU [IU]
 +
<br>- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: E [e:]
 +
<br>- Zentai: EÜ [EY]
 +
 
 +
=== F ===
 +
Standard: [f]
 +
<br>Chirachi: before a vowel V [v]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: dropped
 +
 
 +
=== H ===
 +
Standard: [x]
 +
<br>Chirachi: dropped
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: G [g]
 +
 
 +
=== I, short ===
 +
Standard: [i]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Ù [}]
 +
<br>- Kazua, Poichbiezn: Ü [y]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: I [I]
 +
<br>- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: I [i], only word-initially [I]
 +
 
 +
=== I, long ===
 +
Standard: [i:]
 +
<br>Chirachi and Poapik: Ü [y:]
 +
 
 +
=== IA ===
 +
Standard: [i6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: ÜE [Y@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
 +
<br>- Putal: I [i:], word-initially Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Riftal: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Uaza: I [i:]
 +
 
 +
=== K ===
 +
Standard: [k]
 +
<br>Chirachi: KH [k_h], before a vowel G [g]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: KH [k_h]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Loreka: dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Itupt: word-initially G [g]
 +
<br>- Riftal: QH [q_h], dropped syllable-finally
 +
 
 +
=== L ===
 +
Standard: [l`]
 +
<br>Chirachi: L [l]
 +
<br>West Mich-Inzl and Kant: W [w]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped
 +
 
 +
=== M ===
 +
Standard: [m]
 +
<br>Chirachi: N [n]
 +
<br>- Kazua, Tameza: M [m]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt: word-initially MB [mb]
 +
 
 +
=== N ===
 +
Standard: [n]
 +
<br>Itupt: word-initially ND [nd]
 +
 
 +
=== NG ===
 +
Standard: [N]
 +
 
 +
=== NK ===
 +
Standard: [Nk]
 +
 
 +
=== O, short ===
 +
Standard: Ò [O]
 +
<br>Chirachi: O [o]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: A [6]
 +
 
 +
=== O, long ===
 +
Standard: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>Chirachi and Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Kant: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: A [6:]
 +
 
 +
=== OA ===
 +
Standard: [O6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: OE [O@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Kant, Uaza: E [e:]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Zentai: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== OI ===
 +
Standard: [OI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: O [o:]
 +
 
 +
=== Ò, short ===
 +
Standard: [O]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Å [Q]
 +
<br>- Poichbiezn: A [6]
 +
 
 +
=== Ò, long ===
 +
Standard: [O:]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Å [Q:]
 +
<br>- Poichbiezn: A [6:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Kant: Ò [O:]
 +
 
 +
=== ÒA ===
 +
Standard: [O6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: OE [O@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Oipach, Putal, Riftal, Zentai: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== ÒI ===
 +
Standard: [OI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: A [a:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>- Oipach, Tenkaz: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Poapik: O [o:], after M/P: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== P ===
 +
Standard: [p]
 +
<br>Chirachi: PH [p_h], before a vowel [b]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: PH [p_h]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Itupt: PF [pf], word-initially BV [bv]
 +
<br>- Loreka: P [p], dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: PF [pf]
 +
<br>- Zentai: P [p]
 +
 
 +
=== R ===
 +
Standard: [4]
 +
<br>Chirachi: RR [r]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: L [l]
 +
 
 +
=== T ===
 +
Standard: [t]
 +
<br>Chirachi: TH [t_h], before a vowel D [d]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: TH [t_h]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Loreka, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Itupt: word-initially D [d]
 +
 
 +
=== U, short ===
 +
Standard: [u]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [Y]
 +
<br>- Kant, Palempl, Zentai: U [U]
 +
<br>- Loreka: U [u], word-initially [U]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ö [9]
 +
<br>- Putal: Ù [}]
 +
<br>- Riftal: U [u], word-initially Û [M]
 +
 
 +
=== U, long ===
 +
Standard: [u:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Putal: Ù [}:]
 +
 
 +
=== UA ===
 +
Standard: [u6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: UE [U@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
 +
<br>- Palempl: UA [u6]
 +
<br>- Putal: I [i:] except word-initially
 +
<br>- Riftal: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Uaza: I [i:]
 +
 
 +
=== UI ===
 +
Standard: [uI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: U [u:]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: O [o:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: U [u:]
 +
<br>- Poapik: U [u:], after a consonant Û [M:]
 +
<br>- Putal: UI [UI], after W: I [i:]
 +
 
 +
=== Y ===
 +
Standard: [j]
 +
 
 +
=== Z ===
 +
Standard: [z]
 +
<br>Muituan: S [s]
 +
<br>Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
 +
<br>- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
  
−
=== Casuay ===
 
−
* Single vowels
 
−
** A is pronounced [@] at the end of a word
 
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
 
−
** I becomes Ü [y]
 
−
** O is sometimes O [o], sometimes &Aring; [Q]
 
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
 
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@], sometimes ÖE [9@]
 
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@]
 
−
** OA becomes OE [O@]
 
−
** UA becomes UE [U@]
 
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
 
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes ÖÖ [2:]
 
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
 
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
 
−
* Consonants
 
−
** B is pronounced W [P]
 
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
 
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
 
−
** H is dropped
 
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
 
−
** L is alveolar [l]
 
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
 
−
** R is rolled [r]
 
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
 
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
 
  
−
[[Category:Languages]]
 
 
[[Category:Yuunli]]
 
[[Category:Yuunli]]
 +
[[category:languages]]

Latest revision as of 04:15, 20 September 2005

There are four groups of dialects:

  • Standard Poirih (not on the map)
  • West Mich-Inzl (shades of red/orange)
  • East Mich-Inzl (shades of blue)
  • Chirachi (shades of green)

People in Honkoa speak a dialect with western and eastern Mich-Inzl elements (purple on the map).
The closest relative of the Kazua dialect is the one spoken in Lankoin, but the map can't reflect that.

linguistic17mk.gif

Pronunciation of the different Poirih transcription letters in Standard Poirih as well as the provincial dialects spoken in Yuunli (all pronunciation indications in X-SAMPA):

A, short

Standard: [a], word-finally [6]
Poapik: E [@]
Chirachi:
- Kazua: A [a], word-finally E [@]
- Lankoin: A [a], unstressed Ä [&], word-finally [@]
- Pinkeba, Tameza: Ä [&], word-finally E [@]
- Poichbiezn: Ä [&], word-finally A [6]

A, long

Standard: [a:]
Chirachi: Ä [&:]
- Kazua: A [a:]
- Lankoin: A [a:], unstressed Ä [&:]
Mich-Inzl: Â [A:]
- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
- Muituan, Uaza: A [a:]
- Poapil: E [@:]

AI

Standard: [aI]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa: AU [6U]
- Itupt: Ò [O:]
- Muituan, Uaza: AI [aI]
- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: AÜ [6Y]

B

Standard: [b]
Chirachi: WH [P]
- Pinkeba: after unstressed vowel W [w]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Riftal: ZH [Z]
- Loreka, Zentai: syllable-finally P [p_h]

CH

Standard: [C]
Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
Mich-Inzl:
- Muituan: SH [S]
- Itupt, Oipach, Putal, Tenkaz: Y [j]
- Poapik: Y [j], dropped word-initially

E, short

Standard: È [E]
Chirachi: E [e]
East Mich-Inzl: Ö [9] (Itupt, Kant, Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza)

E, long

Standard: È [E:]
Chirachi and West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]

EA

Standard: [E6]
Chirachi: ÄE [E@]
Mich-Inzl: Ö [2:]
- Kant, Muituan, Uaza: E [e:]

EI

Standard: [EI]
Chirachi: E [e:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Poapik: E [e:]
- Zentai: EÜ [EY]

È, short

Standard: [E]
Chirachi: Ö [2]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [9]

È, long

Standard: [E:]
Chirachi: Ö [2:]
West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]

ÈA

Standard: [EI]
Chirachi: Ö [2:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa: EU [EU]
- Itupt: E [@:]
- Loreka, Riftal: IU [IU]
- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: E [e:]
- Zentai: EÜ [EY]

F

Standard: [f]
Chirachi: before a vowel V [v]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: dropped

H

Standard: [x]
Chirachi: dropped
Mich-Inzl: G [g]

I, short

Standard: [i]
Chirachi: Ù [}]
- Kazua, Poichbiezn: Ü [y]
Mich-Inzl: I [I]
- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: I [i], only word-initially [I]

I, long

Standard: [i:]
Chirachi and Poapik: Ü [y:]

IA

Standard: [i6]
Chirachi: ÜE [Y@]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
- Putal: I [i:], word-initially Ü [y:]
- Riftal: Ö [2:]
- Uaza: I [i:]

K

Standard: [k]
Chirachi: KH [k_h], before a vowel G [g]
Mich-Inzl: KH [k_h]
- Honkoa, Loreka: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: word-initially G [g]
- Riftal: QH [q_h], dropped syllable-finally

L

Standard: [l`]
Chirachi: L [l]
West Mich-Inzl and Kant: W [w]
- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped

M

Standard: [m]
Chirachi: N [n]
- Kazua, Tameza: M [m]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt: word-initially MB [mb]

N

Standard: [n]
Itupt: word-initially ND [nd]

NG

Standard: [N]

NK

Standard: [Nk]

O, short

Standard: Ò [O]
Chirachi: O [o]
- Pinkeba: A [6]

O, long

Standard: Ò [O:]
Chirachi and Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
- Kant: Ò [O:]
- Pinkeba: A [6:]

OA

Standard: [O6]
Chirachi: OE [O@]
Mich-Inzl:
- Kant, Uaza: E [e:]
- Honkoa, Zentai: Ö [2:]

OI

Standard: [OI]
Chirachi: O [o:]

Ò, short

Standard: [O]
Chirachi: Å [Q]
- Poichbiezn: A [6]

Ò, long

Standard: [O:]
Chirachi: Å [Q:]
- Poichbiezn: A [6:]
Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
- Kant: Ò [O:]

ÒA

Standard: [O6]
Chirachi: OE [O@]
Mich-Inzl:
- Oipach, Putal, Riftal, Zentai: Ö [2:]

ÒI

Standard: [OI]
Chirachi: A [a:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt: Ò [O:]
- Oipach, Tenkaz: O [o:]
- Poapik: O [o:], after M/P: Ö [2:]

P

Standard: [p]
Chirachi: PH [p_h], before a vowel [b]
Mich-Inzl: PH [p_h]
- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: PF [pf], word-initially BV [bv]
- Loreka: P [p], dropped syllable-finally
- Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: PF [pf]
- Zentai: P [p]

R

Standard: [4]
Chirachi: RR [r]
Mich-Inzl: L [l]

T

Standard: [t]
Chirachi: TH [t_h], before a vowel D [d]
Mich-Inzl: TH [t_h]
- Honkoa, Loreka, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: word-initially D [d]

U, short

Standard: [u]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [Y]
- Kant, Palempl, Zentai: U [U]
- Loreka: U [u], word-initially [U]
- Muituan: Ö [9]
- Putal: Ù [}]
- Riftal: U [u], word-initially Û [M]

U, long

Standard: [u:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ö [2:]
- Putal: Ù [}:]

UA

Standard: [u6]
Chirachi: UE [U@]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
- Palempl: UA [u6]
- Putal: I [i:] except word-initially
- Riftal: Ö [2:]
- Uaza: I [i:]

UI

Standard: [uI]
Chirachi: U [u:]
- Pinkeba: O [o:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: U [u:]
- Poapik: U [u:], after a consonant Û [M:]
- Putal: UI [UI], after W: I [i:]

Y

Standard: [j]

Z

Standard: [z]
Muituan: S [s]
Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]

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