From NSwiki, the NationStates encyclopedia.
Nordaþ uses 49 noun cases. There are 22 cases named in English - the rest are formed with joined postpositions.
Named cases
There are 31 named cases in Nordaþ. This section describes them in detail as well as gives samples.
Abessive
The abessive case marks "without". It is the opposite of the comitative/sociative case. It is applied as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
anmï |
änme
|
| Singular Masculine |
anma |
änma
|
| Singular Neuter |
anmïï |
änmi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
anmïn |
änmen
|
Ablative
The ablative case marks "from off of". It is applied as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
altï |
älte
|
| Singular Masculine |
alta |
ältä
|
| Singular Neuter |
altïï |
älti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
altïn |
älten
|
Accusative
The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. If there is a preceeding ï in front of this suffix, it is eliminated (but only for the back-vowel form). It is applied as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïïtï |
eite
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïïta |
eitä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïïtïï |
eiti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïïtïn |
eiten
|
Addesive
The addessive case replaces the preposition "on". It is applied as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
anï |
äne
|
| Singular Masculine |
ana |
änä
|
| Singular Neuter |
anïï |
äni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
anïn |
änen
|
Allative
The allative case replaces in many languages what is the preposition for "onto". It is attached to the noun as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
antï |
änte
|
| Singular Masculine |
anta |
äntä
|
| Singular Neuter |
antïï |
änti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
antïn |
änten
|
Causal
The causal case marks "because of". If there is a preceeding 'f' in front of this suffix, that letter will be dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
frumï |
fryme
|
| Singular Masculine |
fruma |
frymä
|
| Singular Neuter |
frumïï |
frymi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
frumïn |
frymen
|
Causal-Final
The causal-final case marks "for" or "in order to have a".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ansï |
änse
|
| Singular Masculine |
ansa |
änsä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ansïï |
änsi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ansïn |
änsen
|
Comitative/Sociative
The comitative/sociative case replaces "with". It is the opposite of the abessive case. If there is an 'm' preceeding this suffix, it is dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
mïdï |
mide
|
| Singular Masculine |
mïda |
midä
|
| Singular Neuter |
mïdïï |
midi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
mïdïn |
miden
|
Dative
This case replaces the "to the" (direction) prepositional phrase.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
atï |
äte
|
| Singular Masculine |
ata |
ätä
|
| Singular Neuter |
atïï |
äti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
atïn |
äten
|
Distributive
The distributive case is the equivalent of English's "per".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
pïrï |
pere
|
| Singular Masculine |
pïra |
perä
|
| Singular Neuter |
pïrïï |
peri
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
pïrïn |
peren
|
Elative
Elative replaces the "out of" prepositional phrase in English. It is used as follows:
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
asafï |
äsäfe
|
| Singular Masculine |
asafa |
äsäfä
|
| Singular Neuter |
asafïï |
äsäfi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
asafïn |
äsäfen
|
Essive
The essive case marks "as the", a temporary state of being.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïvï |
ive
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïva |
ivä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïvïï |
ivi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïvïn |
iven
|
Genitive
The genitive case marks possession. In English, it is usually "'s" or "of the".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïsï |
ise
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïsa |
isä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïsïï |
isi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïsïn |
isen
|
Illative
The illative case replaces "into".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
amï |
äme
|
| Singular Masculine |
ama |
ämä
|
| Singular Neuter |
amïï |
ämi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
amïn |
ämen
|
Inessive
The inessive case marks "inside of".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïnanï |
inäne
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïnana |
inänä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïnanïï |
inäni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïnanïn |
inänen
|
Instrumental
The instrumental case marks "by means of". This is not to be confused with "via", which means "by way of".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
þairï |
þaire
|
| Singular Masculine |
þaira |
þairä
|
| Singular Neuter |
þairïï |
þairi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
þairïn |
þairen
|
Lative
The lative case is used where English would use "towards".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
andï |
ände
|
| Singular Masculine |
anda |
ändä
|
| Singular Neuter |
andïï |
ändi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
andïn |
änden
|
Locative
The locative case is used where English would use "at".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
aatï |
ääte
|
| Singular Masculine |
aata |
äätä
|
| Singular Neuter |
aatïï |
ääti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
aatïn |
ääten
|
Nominative
The nominative case marks the subject of a verb.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ï |
e
|
| Singular Masculine |
a |
ä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïï |
i
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïn |
en
|
Prolative
The prolative case is used for "via" - by way of.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
vïï |
vie
|
| Singular Masculine |
vïa |
viä
|
| Singular Neuter |
vïï |
vii
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
vïïn |
vien
|
Prosecutive
The prosecutive case marks "along".
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
otï |
yte
|
| Singular Masculine |
ota |
ytä
|
| Singular Neuter |
otïï |
yti
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
otïn |
yten
|
Vocative
Vocative is used to address somebody without otherwise fitting their name into the sentence properly. It is perhaps best known in the Latin phrase, "Et tu, Brute?", wherein Brute is the vocative form, but Brutus the standard nominative.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
oï |
ye
|
| Singular Masculine |
ota |
yä
|
| Singular Neuter |
oïï |
yi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
oïn |
yen
|
Unnamed Cases
The unnamed cases are self-explanatory. They replace postpositions, and appear to have no other case name.
About
About is not used for "near", but as a descriptor.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
bï |
be
|
| Singular Masculine |
bïja |
biä
|
| Singular Neuter |
bïï |
bi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
bïn |
ben
|
Above
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ubï |
ybe
|
| Singular Masculine |
uba |
ybä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ubïï |
ybi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ubïn |
yben
|
Across
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
apï |
äpe
|
| Singular Masculine |
apa |
äpä
|
| Singular Neuter |
apïï |
äpi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
apïn |
äpen
|
After
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
avï |
äve
|
| Singular Masculine |
ava |
ävä
|
| Singular Neuter |
avïï |
ävi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
avïn |
även
|
Against
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
agï |
äge
|
| Singular Masculine |
aga |
ägä
|
| Singular Neuter |
agïï |
ägi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
agïn |
ägen
|
Among
Preceeding m's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
mangï |
mänge
|
| Singular Masculine |
manga |
mängä
|
| Singular Neuter |
mangïï |
mängi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
mangïn |
mängen
|
Around
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
unbï |
ynbe
|
| Singular Masculine |
unba |
ynbä
|
| Singular Neuter |
unbïï |
ynbi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
unbïn |
ynben
|
As
In the condition or role of. Preceeding g's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
gïkï |
geke
|
| Singular Masculine |
gïka |
gekä
|
| Singular Neuter |
gïkïï |
geki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
gïkïn |
geken
|
Before
Preceeding in time.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
airï |
aire
|
| Singular Masculine |
aira |
airä
|
| Singular Neuter |
airïï |
airi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
airïn |
airen
|
Below
Preceeding d's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
dïþï |
deþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
dïþa |
deþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
dïþïï |
deþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
dïþïn |
deþen
|
Beneath
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
afï |
äfe
|
| Singular Masculine |
afa |
äfä
|
| Singular Neuter |
afïï |
äfi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
afïn |
äfen
|
Beside
Preceeding n's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
nïkï |
nike
|
| Singular Masculine |
nïka |
nikä
|
| Singular Neuter |
nïkïï |
niki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
nïkïn |
niken
|
Between
Preceeding t's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
tïkï |
tike
|
| Singular Masculine |
tïka |
tikä
|
| Singular Neuter |
tïkïï |
tiki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
tïkïn |
tiken
|
Beyond
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïþï |
iþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïþa |
iþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïþïï |
iþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïþïn |
iþen
|
Despite
Preceeding b's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
baidï |
baide
|
| Singular Masculine |
baida |
baidä
|
| Singular Neuter |
baidïï |
baidi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
baidïn |
baiden
|
During
Preceeding m's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
mïþï |
mïþe
|
| Singular Masculine |
mïþa |
mïþä
|
| Singular Neuter |
mïþïï |
mïþi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
mïþïn |
mïþen
|
For
Intended for.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
aivï |
aive
|
| Singular Masculine |
aiva |
aivä
|
| Singular Neuter |
aivïï |
aivi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
aivïn |
aiven
|
For
On behalf of, concerning, or representing.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
jïnï |
jene
|
| Singular Masculine |
jïna |
jenä
|
| Singular Neuter |
jïnïï |
jeni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
jïnïn |
jenen
|
For
In favour of.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
unï |
yne
|
| Singular Masculine |
una |
ynä
|
| Singular Neuter |
unïï |
yni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
unïn |
ynen
|
For
Because of.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
danï |
däne
|
| Singular Masculine |
dana |
dänä
|
| Singular Neuter |
danïï |
däni
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
danïn |
dänen
|
For
In exchange for. Preceeding p's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
prï |
pre
|
| Singular Masculine |
pra |
prä
|
| Singular Neuter |
prïï |
pri
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
prïn |
pren
|
For
Indicating distance.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïkï |
ïke
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïka |
ïkä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïkïï |
ïki
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïkïn |
ïken
|
From
Preceeding f's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
famï |
fäme
|
| Singular Masculine |
fama |
fämä
|
| Singular Neuter |
famïï |
fämi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
famïn |
fämen
|
Outside
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
asï |
äse
|
| Singular Masculine |
asa |
äsä
|
| Singular Neuter |
asïï |
äsi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
asïn |
äsen
|
Over
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
ïvï |
ive
|
| Singular Masculine |
ïva |
ivä
|
| Singular Neuter |
ïvïï |
ivi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
ïvïn |
iven
|
Unlike
Preceeding v's are dropped.
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
vïrï |
vere
|
| Singular Masculine |
vïra |
virä
|
| Singular Neuter |
vïrïï |
viri
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
vïrïn |
viren
|
Up
| Gender/Number
|
Back-Vowel
|
Front-Vowel
|
| Singular Feminine |
abï |
äbe
|
| Singular Masculine |
aba |
äbä
|
| Singular Neuter |
abïï |
äbi
|
| Plural (Neuter) |
abïn |
äben
|
