Difference between revisions of "Poirih dialects"

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Dialects of the [[Poirih]] language spoken in [[Yuunli]] (all pronunciation indications in [[Wikipedia:X-SAMPA|X-SAMPA]]):
+
Pronunciation of the different [[Poirih]] transcription letters in Standard Poirih as well as the provincial dialects spoken in [[Yuunli]] (all pronunciation indications in [[Wikipedia:X-SAMPA|X-SAMPA]]):
  
−
== Pronunciation differences ==
+
=== A, short ===
 +
Standard: [a], word-finally [6]
 +
<br>Poapik: E [@]
 +
<br>Chirachi:
 +
<br>- Kazua: A [a], word-finally E [@]
 +
<br>- Lankoin: A [a], unstressed Ä [&], word-finally [@]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba, Tameza: Ä [&], word-finally E [@]
 +
<br>- Poichbiezn: Ä [&], word-finally A [6]
  
−
=== Balembai ===
+
=== A, long ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [a:]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ä [&:]
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
<br>- Kazua: A [a:]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
<br>- Lankoin: A [a:], unstressed Ä [&:]
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: Â [A:]
−
** Short U is pronounced [U]
+
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Muituan, Uaza: A [a:]
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
<br>- Poapil: E [@:]
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced [6I]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** K, P and T are aspirated
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
  
−
=== Bingeva ===
+
=== AI ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [aI]
−
** Unstressed A becomes Ä [&]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** A becomes Ä [&], at the end of a word [@]
+
<br>- Honkoa: AU [6U]
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
+
<br>- Itupt: Ò [O:]
−
** Short I becomes Ù [}], long I becomes ÜÜ [y:]
+
<br>- Muituan, Uaza: AI [aI]
−
** O is sometimes A [6], sometimes &Aring; [Q]
+
<br>- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: AÜ [6Y]
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@] (except at the end of a word), sometimes ÖE [9@]
+
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@], except at the end of a word
+
−
** OA becomes OE [O@], except at the end of a word
+
−
** UA becomes UE [U@], except at the end of a word
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
+
−
** UI becomes OO [o:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** B is pronounced WH [P], after an unstressed vowel W [w]
+
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
+
−
** H is dropped
+
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
+
−
** L is alveolar [l]
+
−
** M becomes N [n]
+
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** R is rolled [r]
+
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
+
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
  
−
=== Bolshvisa ===
+
=== B ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [b]
−
** A becomes Ä [&], except at the end of a word
+
<br>Chirachi: WH [P]
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
+
<br>- Pinkeba: after unstressed vowel W [w]
−
** I becomes Ü [y]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** O is sometimes O [o], sometimes A [6]
+
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: ZH [Z]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Loreka, Zentai: syllable-finally P [p_h]
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@], sometimes ÖE [9@]
+
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@]
+
−
** OA becomes OE [O@]
+
−
** UA becomes UE [U@]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes (e.g. at the end of a word) ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** B is pronounced W [P]
+
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
+
−
** H is dropped
+
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
+
−
** L is alveolar [l]
+
−
** M becomes N [n]
+
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** R is rolled [r]
+
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
+
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
  
−
=== Candet ===
+
=== CH ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [C]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
−
** Short E becomes Ö [9], long E becomes ÖÖ [2:]
+
<br>- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** Short U is pronounced [U]
+
<br>- Muituan: SH [S]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Putal, Tenkaz: Y [j]
−
** EA and OA become EE [e:]
+
<br>- Poapik: Y [j], dropped word-initially
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced [6I]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** K, P and T are aspirated
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
−
** P becomes PF [pf] at the end of a syllable
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
  
−
=== Casuay ===
+
=== E, short ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: È [E]
−
** A is pronounced [@] at the end of a word
+
<br>Chirachi: E [e]
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
+
<br>East Mich-Inzl: Ö [9] ''(Itupt, Kant, Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza)''
−
** I becomes Ü [y]
+
−
** O is sometimes O [o], sometimes &Aring; [Q]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@], sometimes ÖE [9@]
+
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@]
+
−
** OA becomes OE [O@]
+
−
** UA becomes UE [U@]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** B is pronounced W [P]
+
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
+
−
** H is dropped
+
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
+
−
** L is alveolar [l]
+
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** R is rolled [r]
+
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
+
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
  
−
=== Centhay ===
+
=== E, long ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: È [E:]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi and West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I] at the beginning of a word
+
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
−
** Short U is pronounced [U] at the beginning of a word
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced AY [6Y]
+
−
** EI is pronounced EY [EY]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** K and T are aspirated
+
−
** B becomes B [b] at the beginning of a syllable, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** G becomes J [j]
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
  
−
=== Damesa ===
+
=== EA ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [E6]
−
** Unstressed A becomes Ä [&]
+
<br>Chirachi: ÄE [E@]
−
** A is pronounced [@] at the end of a word
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ö [2:]
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
+
<br>- Kant, Muituan, Uaza: E [e:]
−
** Short I becomes Ù [}], long I becomes ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
** O is sometimes O [o], sometimes &Aring; [Q]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@] (except at the end of a word), sometimes ÖE [9@]
+
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@]
+
−
** OA becomes OE [O@], except at the end of a word
+
−
** UA becomes UE [U@]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** B is pronounced W [P]
+
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
+
−
** H is dropped
+
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
+
−
** L is alveolar [l]
+
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** R is rolled [r]
+
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
+
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** After an unstressed vowel, CH and Z become DH [D] or TH [T]
+
  
−
=== Hongora ===
+
=== EI ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [EI]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi: E [e:]
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
<br>- Poapik: E [e:]
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>- Zentai: EÜ [EY]
−
** U becomes Ü: short [Y], long [y:]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced AU [6U]
+
−
** EI is pronounced EU [EU]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** P, K and T are dropped at the end of a syllable
+
−
** In other positions, P/T/K are aspirated
+
−
** F is dropped
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L is dropped
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** W becomes ZH [Z]
+
  
−
=== Idubut ===
+
=== È, short ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [E]
−
** Long A becomes &Aring; [Q:]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2]
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [9]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
−
** U becomes Ü: short [Y], long [y:]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI becomes OO [O:]
+
−
** EI becomes EE [@:]
+
−
** OI becomes OO [O:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** CH becomes J [j]
+
−
** F is dropped
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** K is aspirated, at the beginning of a word G [g]
+
−
** M becomes MB [mb] at the beginning of a word
+
−
** N becomes ND [nd] at the beginning of a word
+
−
** P becomes PF [pf], at the beginning of a word BV [bv]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** T is aspirated, at the beginning of a word D [d]
+
  
−
=== Lancollin ===
+
=== È, long ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [E:]
−
** Unstressed A becomes Ä [&]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2:]
−
** A is pronounced [@] at the end of a word
+
<br>West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
−
** E is sometimes E [e], sometimes Ö [2]
+
<br>East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]
−
** Short I becomes Ù [}], long I becomes ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
** O is sometimes O [o], sometimes &Aring; [Q]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA is sometimes ÄE [E@] (except at the end of a word), sometimes ÖE [9@]
+
−
** IA becomes ÜE [Y@], except at the end of a word
+
−
** OA becomes OE [O@], except at the end of a word
+
−
** UA becomes UE [U@], except at the end of a word
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** EI is sometimes EE [e:], sometimes ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** OI is sometimes OO [o:], sometimes AA [a:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** B is pronounced W [P]
+
−
** CH is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
−
** F is pronounced V [v] before a vowel, otherwise F [f]
+
−
** H is dropped
+
−
** K is pronounced G [g] before a vowel, otherwise K [k_h]
+
−
** L is alveolar [l]
+
−
** M becomes N [n]
+
−
** P is pronounced B [b] before a vowel, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** R is rolled [r]
+
−
** T is pronounced D [d] before a vowel, otherwise T [t_h]
+
−
** Z is pronounced Z [z] before a vowel, otherwise S [s]
+
  
−
=== Lonreca ===
+
=== ÈA ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [EI]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ö [2:]
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** Short I is pronounced [I] at the beginning of a word
+
<br>- Honkoa: EU [EU]
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>- Itupt: E [@:]
−
** Short U is pronounced [U] at the beginning of a word
+
<br>- Loreka, Riftal: IU [IU]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: E [e:]
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
<br>- Zentai: EÜ [EY]
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced AY [6Y]
+
−
** EI is pronounced IU [IU]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** P, K and T are dropped at the end of a syllable
+
−
** K and T are aspirated
+
−
** B becomes B [b] at the beginning of a syllable, otherwise P [p_h]
+
−
** G becomes J [j]
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** W becomes ZH [Z]
+
  
−
=== Milduna ===
+
=== F ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [f]
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
<br>Chirachi: before a vowel V [v]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl:
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: dropped
−
** U becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become EE [e:]
+
−
** IA and UA become YY [1:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** CH becomes SH [S]
+
−
** F is dropped
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** J becomes SH [S]
+
−
** K is aspirated
+
−
** P becomes PF [pf]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** T is aspirated
+
−
** Z becomes S [s]
+
  
−
=== Oylbesh ===
+
=== H ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [x]
−
** Long A becomes &Aring; [Q:]
+
<br>Chirachi: dropped
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: G [g]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
−
** U becomes Ü: short [Y], long [y:]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI becomes &Aring;&Aring; [Q:]
+
−
** EI becomes EE [e:]
+
−
** OI becomes OO [o:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** CH becomes J [j]
+
−
** F is dropped
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** K is aspirated
+
−
** P becomes PF [pf]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** T is aspirated
+
  
−
=== Porpic ===
+
=== I, short ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [i]
−
** A is pronounced [@]
+
<br>Chirachi: Ù [}]
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
+
<br>- Kazua, Poichbiezn: Ü [y]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I], long I becomes Ü [y:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: I [I]
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: I [i], only word-initially [I]
−
** U becomes Ü: short [Y], long [y:]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI becomes &Aring;&Aring; [Q:]
+
−
** EI becomes EE [e:]
+
−
** OI becomes OO [o:], after a bilabial consonant [2:]
+
−
** UI becomes UU [u:], after a consonant [M:]
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** CH is dropped at the beginning of a word, otherwise it becomes J [j]
+
−
** F is dropped
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** J is dropped at the beginning of a word
+
−
** K is aspirated
+
−
** P becomes PF [pf]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
−
** T is aspirated
+
  
−
=== Putali ===
+
=== I, long ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [i:]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi and Poapik: Ü [y:]
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
+
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
−
** U is pronounced [}]
+
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
−
** EA and OA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
−
** IA and UA become II [i:], at the beginning of a word ÜÜ [y:]
+
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
−
** AI is pronounced [6I]
+
−
** UI becomes II [i:] after W
+
−
* Consonants
+
−
** CH becomes J [j]
+
−
** K, P and T are aspirated
+
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
−
** L becomes W [w]
+
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
  
−
=== Riftaly ===
+
=== IA ===
−
* Single vowels
+
Standard: [i6]
−
** Long A is pronounced [A:]
+
<br>Chirachi: ÜE [Y@]
−
** Long E is pronounced [e:]
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
−
** Short I is pronounced [I] at the beginning of a word
+
<br>- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
+
<br>- Putal: I [i:], word-initially Ü [y:]
−
** Short U is pronounced [M] at the beginning of a word
+
<br>- Riftal: Ö [2:]
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
+
<br>- Uaza: I [i:]
−
** EA, IA, OA and UA become ÖÖ [2:]
+
 
−
* ''I'' diphthongs
+
=== K ===
−
** AI is pronounced AY [6Y]
+
Standard: [k]
−
** EI is pronounced IU [IU]
+
<br>Chirachi: KH [k_h], before a vowel G [g]
−
* Consonants
+
<br>Mich-Inzl: KH [k_h]
−
** P, K and T are dropped at the end of a syllable
+
<br>- Honkoa, Loreka: dropped syllable-finally
−
** In other positions, P/T/K are aspirated
+
<br>- Itupt: word-initially G [g]
−
** G becomes J [j]
+
<br>- Riftal: QH [q_h], dropped syllable-finally
−
** H becomes G [g]
+
 
−
** K becomes Q [q_h]
+
=== L ===
−
** L is dropped
+
Standard: [l`]
−
** R becomes L [l]
+
<br>Chirachi: L [l]
−
** W becomes ZH [Z]
+
<br>West Mich-Inzl and Kant: W [w]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped
 +
 
 +
=== M ===
 +
Standard: [m]
 +
<br>Chirachi: N [n]
 +
<br>- Kazua, Tameza: M [m]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt: word-initially MB [mb]
 +
 
 +
=== N ===
 +
Standard: [n]
 +
<br>Itupt: word-initially ND [nd]
 +
 
 +
=== NG ===
 +
Standard: [N]
 +
 
 +
=== NK ===
 +
Standard: [Nk]
 +
 
 +
=== O, short ===
 +
Standard: Ò [O]
 +
<br>Chirachi: O [o]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: A [6]
 +
 
 +
=== O, long ===
 +
Standard: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>Chirachi and Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Kant: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: A [6:]
 +
 
 +
=== OA ===
 +
Standard: [O6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: OE [O@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Kant, Uaza: E [e:]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Zentai: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== OI ===
 +
Standard: [OI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: O [o:]
 +
 
 +
=== Ò, short ===
 +
Standard: [O]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Å [Q]
 +
<br>- Poichbiezn: A [6]
 +
 
 +
=== Ò, long ===
 +
Standard: [O:]
 +
<br>Chirachi: Å [Q:]
 +
<br>- Poichbiezn: A [6:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Kant: Ò [O:]
 +
 
 +
=== ÒA ===
 +
Standard: [O6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: OE [O@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Oipach, Putal, Riftal, Zentai: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== ÒI ===
 +
Standard: [OI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: A [a:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt: Ò [O:]
 +
<br>- Oipach, Tenkaz: O [o:]
 +
<br>- Poapik: O [o:], after M/P: Ö [2:]
 +
 
 +
=== P ===
 +
Standard: [p]
 +
<br>Chirachi: PH [p_h], before a vowel [b]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: PH [p_h]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Itupt: PF [pf], word-initially BV [bv]
 +
<br>- Loreka: P [p], dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: PF [pf]
 +
<br>- Zentai: P [p]
 +
 
 +
=== R ===
 +
Standard: [4]
 +
<br>Chirachi: RR [r]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: L [l]
 +
 
 +
=== T ===
 +
Standard: [t]
 +
<br>Chirachi: TH [t_h], before a vowel D [d]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: TH [t_h]
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Loreka, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
 +
<br>- Itupt: word-initially D [d]
 +
 
 +
=== U, short ===
 +
Standard: [u]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [Y]
 +
<br>- Kant, Palempl, Zentai: U [U]
 +
<br>- Loreka: U [u], word-initially [U]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ö [9]
 +
<br>- Putal: Ù [}]
 +
<br>- Riftal: U [u], word-initially Û [M]
 +
 
 +
=== U, long ===
 +
Standard: [u:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Putal: Ù [}:]
 +
 
 +
=== UA ===
 +
Standard: [u6]
 +
<br>Chirachi: UE [U@]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
 +
<br>- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
 +
<br>- Palempl: UA [u6]
 +
<br>- Putal: I [i:] except word-initially
 +
<br>- Riftal: Ö [2:]
 +
<br>- Uaza: I [i:]
 +
 
 +
=== UI ===
 +
Standard: [uI]
 +
<br>Chirachi: U [u:]
 +
<br>- Pinkeba: O [o:]
 +
<br>Mich-Inzl:
 +
<br>- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: U [u:]
 +
<br>- Poapik: U [u:], after a consonant Û [M:]
 +
<br>- Putal: UI [UI], after W: I [i:]
 +
 
 +
=== Z ===
 +
Standard: [z]
 +
<br>Muituan: S [s]
 +
<br>Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
 +
<br>- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
  
−
=== Ursia ===
 
−
* Single vowels
 
−
** E becomes Ö: short [9], long [2:]
 
−
** Short I is pronounced [I]
 
−
** Long O is pronounced [o:]
 
−
** U becomes Ü: short [Y], long [y:]
 
−
* ''A'' diphthongs
 
−
** EA and OA become EE [e:]
 
−
** IA and UA become II [i:]
 
−
* Consonants
 
−
** CH becomes J [j]
 
−
** F is dropped
 
−
** H becomes G [g]
 
−
** K is aspirated
 
−
** P becomes PF [pf]
 
−
** R becomes L [l]
 
−
** T is aspirated
 
  
 
[[Category:Yuunli]]
 
[[Category:Yuunli]]
 
[[category:languages]]
 
[[category:languages]]

Revision as of 04:36, 7 September 2005

Pronunciation of the different Poirih transcription letters in Standard Poirih as well as the provincial dialects spoken in Yuunli (all pronunciation indications in X-SAMPA):

A, short

Standard: [a], word-finally [6]
Poapik: E [@]
Chirachi:
- Kazua: A [a], word-finally E [@]
- Lankoin: A [a], unstressed Ä [&], word-finally [@]
- Pinkeba, Tameza: Ä [&], word-finally E [@]
- Poichbiezn: Ä [&], word-finally A [6]

A, long

Standard: [a:]
Chirachi: Ä [&:]
- Kazua: A [a:]
- Lankoin: A [a:], unstressed Ä [&:]
Mich-Inzl: Â [A:]
- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
- Muituan, Uaza: A [a:]
- Poapil: E [@:]

AI

Standard: [aI]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa: AU [6U]
- Itupt: Ò [O:]
- Muituan, Uaza: AI [aI]
- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: Å [Q:]
- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: AÜ [6Y]

B

Standard: [b]
Chirachi: WH [P]
- Pinkeba: after unstressed vowel W [w]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Riftal: ZH [Z]
- Loreka, Zentai: syllable-finally P [p_h]

CH

Standard: [C]
Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]
Mich-Inzl:
- Muituan: SH [S]
- Itupt, Oipach, Putal, Tenkaz: Y [j]
- Poapik: Y [j], dropped word-initially

E, short

Standard: È [E]
Chirachi: E [e]
East Mich-Inzl: Ö [9] (Itupt, Kant, Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza)

E, long

Standard: È [E:]
Chirachi and West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]

EA

Standard: [E6]
Chirachi: ÄE [E@]
Mich-Inzl: Ö [2:]
- Kant, Muituan, Uaza: E [e:]

EI

Standard: [EI]
Chirachi: E [e:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Poapik: E [e:]
- Zentai: EÜ [EY]

È, short

Standard: [E]
Chirachi: Ö [2]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [9]

È, long

Standard: [E:]
Chirachi: Ö [2:]
West Mich-Inzl: E [e:]
East Mich-Inzl and Honkoa: Ö [2:]

ÈA

Standard: [EI]
Chirachi: Ö [2:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa: EU [EU]
- Itupt: E [@:]
- Loreka, Riftal: IU [IU]
- Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz: E [e:]
- Zentai: EÜ [EY]

F

Standard: [f]
Chirachi: before a vowel V [v]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: dropped

H

Standard: [x]
Chirachi: dropped
Mich-Inzl: G [g]

I, short

Standard: [i]
Chirachi: Ù [}]
- Kazua, Poichbiezn: Ü [y]
Mich-Inzl: I [I]
- Loreka, Riftal, Zentai: I [i], only word-initially [I]

I, long

Standard: [i:]
Chirachi and Poapik: Ü [y:]

IA

Standard: [i6]
Chirachi: ÜE [Y@]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
- Putal: I [i:], word-initially Ü [y:]
- Riftal: Ö [2:]
- Uaza: I [i:]

K

Standard: [k]
Chirachi: KH [k_h], before a vowel G [g]
Mich-Inzl: KH [k_h]
- Honkoa, Loreka: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: word-initially G [g]
- Riftal: QH [q_h], dropped syllable-finally

L

Standard: [l`]
Chirachi: L [l]
West Mich-Inzl and Kant: W [w]
- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped

M

Standard: [m]
Chirachi: N [n]
- Kazua, Tameza: M [m]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt: word-initially MB [mb]

N

Standard: [n]
Itupt: word-initially ND [nd]

NG

Standard: [N]

NK

Standard: [Nk]

O, short

Standard: Ò [O]
Chirachi: O [o]
- Pinkeba: A [6]

O, long

Standard: Ò [O:]
Chirachi and Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
- Kant: Ò [O:]
- Pinkeba: A [6:]

OA

Standard: [O6]
Chirachi: OE [O@]
Mich-Inzl:
- Kant, Uaza: E [e:]
- Honkoa, Zentai: Ö [2:]

OI

Standard: [OI]
Chirachi: O [o:]

Ò, short

Standard: [O]
Chirachi: Å [Q]
- Poichbiezn: A [6]

Ò, long

Standard: [O:]
Chirachi: Å [Q:]
- Poichbiezn: A [6:]
Mich-Inzl: O [o:]
- Kant: Ò [O:]

ÒA

Standard: [O6]
Chirachi: OE [O@]
Mich-Inzl:
- Oipach, Putal, Riftal, Zentai: Ö [2:]

ÒI

Standard: [OI]
Chirachi: A [a:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt: Ò [O:]
- Oipach, Tenkaz: O [o:]
- Poapik: O [o:], after M/P: Ö [2:]

P

Standard: [p]
Chirachi: PH [p_h], before a vowel [b]
Mich-Inzl: PH [p_h]
- Honkoa, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: PF [pf], word-initially BV [bv]
- Loreka: P [p], dropped syllable-finally
- Muituan, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: PF [pf]
- Zentai: P [p]

R

Standard: [4]
Chirachi: RR [r]
Mich-Inzl: L [l]

T

Standard: [t]
Chirachi: TH [t_h], before a vowel D [d]
Mich-Inzl: TH [t_h]
- Honkoa, Loreka, Riftal: dropped syllable-finally
- Itupt: word-initially D [d]

U, short

Standard: [u]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [Y]
- Kant, Palempl, Zentai: U [U]
- Loreka: U [u], word-initially [U]
- Muituan: Ö [9]
- Putal: Ù [}]
- Riftal: U [u], word-initially Û [M]

U, long

Standard: [u:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Honkoa, Itupt, Oipach, Poapik, Tenkaz, Uaza: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ö [2:]
- Putal: Ù [}:]

UA

Standard: [u6]
Chirachi: UE [U@]
Mich-Inzl: Ü [y:]
- Muituan: Ÿ [1:]
- Palempl: UA [u6]
- Putal: I [i:] except word-initially
- Riftal: Ö [2:]
- Uaza: I [i:]

UI

Standard: [uI]
Chirachi: U [u:]
- Pinkeba: O [o:]
Mich-Inzl:
- Itupt, Oipach, Tenkaz: U [u:]
- Poapik: U [u:], after a consonant Û [M:]
- Putal: UI [UI], after W: I [i:]

Z

Standard: [z]
Muituan: S [s]
Chirachi: S [s], before a vowel Z [z]
- Tameza: after unstressed vowel TH [T] or DH [D]

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