Hyarmendorean

Hyarmendorean is a centuries-old, descendant language of Celtic languages native to the Autonomous Republic of Dohendor and Hilvenídica-Plenfia. It is identified by its quick speaking consistency, its consonant-vowel flow, and in some cases its addition of Spanish and French words.

History and general information on the language

The language came to Alcedonia with the Celtic settlers (generically called Gáltad) who invaded the region where is today Vassfforcia. As the different clans settled down on different regions of the country two main language groups developed from the Gáltad language, one on the north (in Fors and Bolger), the Fors-Bolger dialects and the other in the south (in Dohendor and Hälvendil), the Dohen-Hälven dialects. The northern variety extinguised itself around the 14th and 15th century, as the Vassfforcians destroyed the Kingdom of Fors and Bolger. However, as both Dohendor and Hälvendil joined the Most Serene Republic voluntarily the southern variety of the language survived. Then, at the beggining of the 19th century a group of Hyarmendorean-speaking poets decided to make efforts for the survival of their mother-tongue as it was dissapearing as it borrowed more and more French and Spanish words. For this, they founded the Academïa Qüenyatá and compiled the grammar and spellig rules.

Dialecting of Hyarmendorean

After the compilation of the academic Hyarmendorean most dialects dissapeared as the academic variant became more widely known and spoken. However, still today five main dialects exist:

Dohen Qüenya is the dialect spoken in the Province of Dohendor. It differentiates itself from the Hälven and Plenfian variants because it does not use so many burrowed words. While it differentiates from the western variety as it is less lyrical and more gutural. It is considered to be one of the two Fíorqüenyad (pure dialects).

Hälven Qüenya is the dialect spoken in Hilvenídica(southern Hilvenídica-Plenfia). It differentiates itself from the Plenfian variant because it uses less Franch and more Spanish burrowed words. While it differentiates from the Dohen and Western varieties as it uses more burrowed words.

Qüenya Plenfïatá or the Plenfian Dialect is the dialect spoken in northern Plenfia (northern Hilvenídica-Plenfia). It differentiates itself from the Hälven variant because it uses more Franch and less Spanish burrowed words. While it differentiates from the Dohen and Western varieties as it uses more burrowed words.

Rhûn Qüenya or the Western Dialect is the dialect spoken in Rhûnorodtal. It differentiates itself from the Hälven and Plenfian variants because it does not use so many burrowed words. While it differentiates from the Dohen dialect as it is more lyrical and less gutural. It is considered to be one of the two Fíorqüenyad (pure dialects).

Hyarmendorean speakers of this four dialects can understand each other without many diificulties.

Hyarmeñol is not exactly a dialect of Hyarmendorean but a créole language which is widely spoken in Hilvenídica City and Tirritidivá which combines, as the name suggests, Spanish and Hyarmendorean. Hyarmeñol speakers cannot understand other Hyarmendorean dialects if they are not proficient with the language as especially the pronunciation is quite different. Many linguists does not consider Hyarmeñol to be a dialect of Hyarmendorean.

Pronunciation key

The pronunciation of Pacitalian letters is similar to Italian with slight augmentations.

Vowels

• a = ah as in are or bra
  
• e = ay as in pay or gray
  
• i = ih as in bit or stick
  
• o = oh as in grow or ode
  
• u = oo as in boot or stew
  

• For forward accented vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú) simply add volume to your voice (emphasis).
• For back-accented vowels (à, è, ì, ò, ù) draw the syllable out.

Consonants

• Note there is no w or y in the Pacitalian alphabet.

Apostrophisation

Another alternative to molding syllables when you have the two cases above is to bring in an apostrophe to bridge two words. This also makes pronunciation simpler and lowers the risk of a serious tongue-twister accident.

Example: anche io lo sai can be changed to anch'io lo sai

If you pronounce it you will notice it's easier to say the apostrophed version. However, both the unapostrophied and apostrophied versions are acceptable.

Verb stems to know

Unlike Spanish and Italian, there are no full verbs. Instead, there are verb stems and they are conjugated by adding a certain letter combination for usage (as seen below). Here are a few of the important ones you will find useful.

Verb tenses

There are seven verb tenses: Present (Basic), Past-Repetitive, Past-Singular, Past-Progressive, Present-Progressive, Future and Conditional. Here's a quick look at each.

Remember that there is no conjugation for each personal thought (ie. I eat, you eat), just one conjugation for each tense. This goes for every verb tense.

Verb tense: present/basic

This is the simplest of the verb tenses. When speaking in present tense, all you have to do is add the letter "a" to each verb stem to conjugate it.

Therefore, 'to call' would become veama and 'to grow' would become apra. 'To have' would be tema and 'to eat' would be cumera.

eg. I walk to school. Io camma a la escolara.

Verb tense: past-repetitive

This tense is used for events in the past that happened more than once, like "I used to go to school" or "I used to walk my dog".

In this tense, simply add -ela to every verb stem ending in a consonant. In that case, 'to buy' would become comprela. On verb stems ending in vowels, use -ala. On a verb stem like 'to ask a question', the verb now reads preggiala. On verb stems that already end in an 'a', just add -la, so 'to arrive' becomes legala instead of a weird-looking legaala.

eg. I used to walk to school. Io cammela a la escolara.

Verb tense: past-singular

As it suggests, and based on the information in the last-mentioned tense, you'll probably guess that this tense is used for events in the past that happened only once, for example - "I went to school" or "I walked my dog".

In this tense, add -ai to consonant-ended verb stems. That way, verbs like 'to destroy' will become deconstrai. On vowel-ended stems, add -rai, so that 'to drive' becomes condurai.

eg. I walked to school. Io cammai a la escolara.

Verb tense: past-progressive

This tense is meant for actions, as in "I was walking to school". This tense is always used for English "-ing" verbs.

In this tense, add -ando to verb stems ending in a consonant. 'To construct' becomes constrando. For stems ending in a vowel, add -rado. When you do, a verb stem like 'to travel' becomes virado.

eg. I was walking to school. Io cammando a la escolara.

Verb tense: present-progressive

This tense is meant for actions as they occur in the present, such as "I am walking to school". Again, it's used only for English verb-actions (those words ending in 'ing').

In this tense, add -ema to the consonant-ending verb stems, so that a verb like 'to climb' becomes astema. Add -rema to the vowel-ending ones to create a word out of the stem 'to stay' - anzerema.

eg. I am walking to school. Io cammema a la escolara.

Verb tense: future

In this tense, which is things like "I will be walking my dog tomorrow", you simply have to add an 'a' with a 'gravacenta' or what is known as a 'grave' in English. Therefore, your conjugation will look like this: -à.

eg. I will walk to school tomorrow. Io cammà a la escolara mandatto.

Verb tense: conditional

In this tense, you are meaning to express what you would do if an event occurred.

Add -aceti to consonant-ended verb stems to express that you, for example "would walk the dog" - Io cammaceti il porzo (Io cammacet'il porzo). On vowel-ended verb stems, add -ceti.

eg. I would walk to school, but I can get a ride. Io cammaceti a la escolara, pera io poda una conduciata.

Pluralisation

Add -mu to the end of a noun. Angels becomes angelicamu instead of angelica and apples become pomamu. When a consonant ends a noun (which is very rare), add -amu instead.

Pronoun conjugation

This is where conjugation differs within something, instead of on verbs where conjugation is universal in a tense. There are three pronoun types - masculina (masculine), feminena (feminine), and neutralità (neutral/unisex). Obviously, you should use masculine when talking about something of the male sex, feminine when talking about the female sex, and neutral/unisex when the noun/subject has no sexuality.

eg. I(f.) walk to school. Ie camma a la escolara. (yay cahm-mah a lah esh-coh-lah-ra)

Tricks with pronoun conjugation

One problem arises with the conjugation and subjectivisation of pronouns. Although the rules above state that the object and subject take whatever their article says they are (masculine/feminine), in cases like "I (verb) you" or "you (verb) me" etc., the rules are different. In this case, when a male is saying the above example to a female and vice versa, the sexuality is cancelled out (even amounts of masculine and feminine). Therefore, you must use a neutral pronoun. If a female is saying I love you to two males, or a male is saying it to two females (in other words, one sexuality outweighs the other), use the original rules.

• I love you = Iu te cuera
• You hate me = T'iu anacuera (Tu+Iu)

* pronounced shay and shaow

Basic useful info

Important nouns

Adjectives & adverbs

Adjectives

• Infinitives: molto (very), non molto (not very)

Adverbs

Add -fama or -menti to each adjective to create its adverb form. eg. sharp becomes scarpifama or scarpimenti. The suffixes are interchangeable.

Cardinal numbers

For all numbers after 30, it is simply the format _0 + _ -> so because 46 = 40 + 6, it is said as "cuarentia e sei".

• 1,425,745 - fanto quattro cento vinte cinque mila siepto cento e quattrando cinque