Difference between revisions of "Asuaneï"
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====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
− | Standard Asuaneï has 27 phonemic consonants. | + | Standard Asuaneï has 27 phonemic consonants. It distinguishes voiced and unvoiced consonants, just like its sister language Asuaneï. Whereas it has lost all uvular and glottal phonemes, it retained the retroflex series from their common ancestor, and part of the palatal series (the palatal fricatives, however, changed to s and z). |
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | | ||
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant | bilabial]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant | bilabial]] | ||
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Dental consonant | dental]] |
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant | alveolar]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant | alveolar]] | ||
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Retroflex consonant | retroflex]] |
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant | alveolo-palatal]] |
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Velar consonant | velar]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Velar consonant | velar]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant | Plosive]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant | Plosive]] | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive | p]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive | b]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive | p]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive | b]] | ||
− | | align=center | + | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar plosive | t]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced alveolar plosive | d]] |
− | | align=center | | + | | |
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive | t']]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive | d']] | ||
+ | | | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive | k]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive | g]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive | k]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive | g]] | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant | Affricate]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant | Affricate]] | ||
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+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | ts\]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | dz\]] | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant | Fricative]] | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial fricative | p\]]<br> | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative | T]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative | D]] | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative | s]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative | z]] | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex fricative | s']]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced retroflex fricative | z']] | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative | x]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative | G]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant | Nasal]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant | Nasal]] | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial nasal | m]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial nasal | m]] | ||
− | | align=center | + | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Alveolar nasal | n]] |
+ | | | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Retroflex nasal | n']] | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Palatal nasal | J]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Palatal nasal | J]] | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Velar nasal | N]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Velar nasal | N]] | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant | Approximant]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant | Approximant]] | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Voiced labial-velar approximant | w]] | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
+ | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Retroflex approximant | r\`]] | ||
| align=center | [[Wikipedia:Palatal approximant | j]] | | align=center | [[Wikipedia:Palatal approximant | j]] | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
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====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
− | Standard Asuaneï | + | Standard Asuaneï regonizes 10 phonemic vowels; these are five length-distinguished pairs (i and i:, E and E:, u and u:, o and o:, a and a:). |
+ | Schwa and the rounded versions of i, E and a are only allophones of the others. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close-mid | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close-mid | ||
− | | align=center | | + | | align=center | |
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center |[[Wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel | o]] | | align=center |[[Wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel | o]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Open-mid | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Open-mid | ||
− | | align=center |[[Wikipedia: | + | | align=center |[[Wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel | E]]<br>[[Wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel | 9]] |
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
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===Alphabet=== | ===Alphabet=== | ||
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====Romanization==== | ====Romanization==== | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | | ||
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant | bilabial]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant | bilabial]] | ||
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Dental consonant | dental]] |
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant | alveolar]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant | alveolar]] | ||
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Retroflex consonant | retroflex]] |
− | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia: | + | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant | alveolo-palatal]] |
!! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Velar consonant | velar]] | !! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=75 | [[Wikipedia:Velar consonant | velar]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant | Plosive]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant | Plosive]] | ||
| align=center | p<br>b | | align=center | p<br>b | ||
− | | align=center | + | | align=center | t<br>d |
− | | align=center | | + | | |
+ | | align=center | ţ<br>ď | ||
+ | | | ||
| align=center | k<br>g | | align=center | k<br>g | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant | Affricate]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant | Affricate]] | ||
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+ | | align=center | c<br>j | ||
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+ | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant | Fricative]] | ||
+ | | align=center | f | ||
+ | | align=center | þ<br>ð | ||
+ | | align=center | s<br>z | ||
+ | | align=center | ş<br>ž | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | align=center | x<br>ğ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant | Nasal]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant | Nasal]] | ||
| align=center | m | | align=center | m | ||
− | | align=center | + | | align=center | n |
+ | | | ||
+ | | align=center | ņ | ||
| align=center | ñ | | align=center | ñ | ||
| align=center | ŋ | | align=center | ŋ | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant | Approximant]] | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant | Approximant]] | ||
+ | | align=center | β / v | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | |||
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| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | | align=center | | + | | align=center | r |
+ | | align=center | y | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close | ||
− | | align=center | | + | | align=center |i ī |
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | | align=center |u | + | | align=center |u ū |
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close-mid | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Close-mid | ||
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| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | | align=center |o | + | | align=center | |
+ | | align=center |o ō | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Mid | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Mid | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | | align=center | | + | | align=center | |
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
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! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Open-mid | ! bgcolor="#3399cc" width=55 | Open-mid | ||
− | | align=center | | + | | align=center |e ē |
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
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| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
− | | align=center |a | + | | align=center |a ā |
|} | |} | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== |
Revision as of 13:38, 8 December 2006
Asuaneï Asβanehi | |
---|---|
Spoken in: | Baranxtu, and other countries |
Region: | International Democratic Union |
Speakers: | 200 million (est) |
Genetic classification: | Meleiyan Syko-Roekian |
Official status | |
Official language in: | Baranxtu |
Regulated by: | Board of the Language Asuaneï in the Most Serene Republic |
Asuaneï (or Asβanehi) is a major language in Baranxtu and is a sister language of the predominant Baranxeï, to the point of being partially mutually intelligible.
In contrast to Baranxeï, Asuaneï is much more conservative in that it retains many grammatical distinctions from its predecessor than Baranxeï does.
History
Status
Phonology
Phonetic Inventory
Consonants
Standard Asuaneï has 27 phonemic consonants. It distinguishes voiced and unvoiced consonants, just like its sister language Asuaneï. Whereas it has lost all uvular and glottal phonemes, it retained the retroflex series from their common ancestor, and part of the palatal series (the palatal fricatives, however, changed to s and z).
bilabial | dental | alveolar | retroflex | alveolo-palatal | velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b |
t d |
t' d' |
k g | ||
Affricate | ts\ dz\ |
|||||
Fricative | p\ |
T D |
s z |
s' z' |
x G | |
Nasal | m | n | n' | J | N | |
Approximant | w | r\` | j |
Vowels
Standard Asuaneï regonizes 10 phonemic vowels; these are five length-distinguished pairs (i and i:, E and E:, u and u:, o and o:, a and a:). Schwa and the rounded versions of i, E and a are only allophones of the others.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i y |
u | |
Close-mid | o | ||
Mid | y | ||
Open-mid | E 9 |
||
Open | A Q |
Alphabet
Romanization
The Romanization of Asuaneï is a letter-by-letter substitution of the Asuaneï Alphabet; therefore the system can easily be put in the same tables as those for the phonetic inventory.
bilabial | dental | alveolar | retroflex | alveolo-palatal | velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b |
t d |
ţ ď |
k g | ||
Affricate | c j |
|||||
Fricative | f | þ ð |
s z |
ş ž |
x ğ | |
Nasal | m | n | ņ | ñ | ŋ | |
Approximant | β / v | r | y |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ī | u ū | |
Close-mid | o ō | ||
Mid | |||
Open-mid | e ē | ||
Open | a ā |
Morphology
Nouns
Cases
Nominative Case
The nominative case marks the subject of a verb. It is also the citation form of a noun as it is marked by a null morpheme.
Genitive Case
The genitive case shows a relationship that may be thought of as one thing belonging to, being created from, or otherwise deriving from some other thing. It usually directly follows the noun it refers to.
Dative Case
The dative case marks the indirect object of a verb. In Baranxeï, it also marks the agent in a passive sentence.
Accusative Case
The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb.
Pre- and Postpositional Case
The pre- and postpositional case is needed if a noun is part of a pre-/postpositional phrase.
Declension
Nouns ending on a vowel are declined by removing the final vowel and adding the endings. For nouns ending on a consonant, a final fricative is usually changed into its respective plosive. Then, the endings is added.
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
Nominative Case | - | - | - |
Genitive Case | -itu | -atu | -utu |
Dative Case | -ir | -ar | -ur |
Accusative Case | -iñ | -añ | -uñ |
Prepositional Case | -iβη | -aβη | -uβη |
plural | |||
Nominative Case | -ja | -aja | -βa |
Genitive Case | -itša | -atša | -utša |
Dative Case | -il | -al | -ul |
Accusative Case | -iŋ | -aŋ | -uŋ |
Prepositional Case | -iðη | -aðη | -uðη |
Pronouns
Asuaneï formally has four personal pronouns which are declined like normal nouns. Thus, there are no special words for "my/your/his/her/its", instead the genitive form of the pronoun is used.
It should also be noted that the nominative form of a pronoun is usually absent and only used for emphasis.
Case | I | You | He/She/It (present) | He/She/It (absent) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | m | f | m | f | n | m | f | n | |
Nominative Case | hanmi | hanma | ðumali | ðumalη | saumi | saumη | saon | auni | aunη | aon |
Genitive Case | hanmitu | hanmatu | ðumalitu | ðumalatu | saumitu | saumatu | saonutu | aunitu | aunatu | aonutu |
Dative Case | hanmir | hanmar | ðumalir | ðumalar | saumir | saumar | saonur | aunir | aunar | aonur |
Accusative Case | hanmiñ | hanmañ | ðumaliñ | ðumalañ | saumiñ | saumañ | saonuñ | auniñ | aunañ | aonuñ |
Prepositional Case | hanmiβη | hanmaβη | ðumaliβη | ðumalaβη | saumiβη | saumaβη | saonuβη | auniβη | aunaβη | aonuβη |
Case | We | You | They (present) | They (absent) | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | n | m | f | n | |
Nominative Case | hanmja | hanmaja | ðumalja | ðumalaja | saumja | saumaja | saonβa | auña | aunaja | aonβa |
Genitive Case | hanmitša | hanmatša | ðumalitša | ðumalatša | saumitša | saumatša | saonutša | aunitša | aunatša | aonutša |
Dative Case | hanmil | hanmil | ðumalil | ðumalal | saumil | saumal | saonul | aunil | aunal | aonul |
Accusative Case | hanmiŋ | hanmaŋ | ðumaliŋ | ðumalaŋ | saumiŋ | saumaŋ | saonuŋ | auniŋ | aunaŋ | aonuŋ |
Prepositional Case | hanmiðη | hanmaðη | ðumaliðη | ðumalaðη | saumiðη | saumaðη | saonuðη | auniðη | aunaðη | aonuðη |
Syntax
Dialects
Vocabulary
IDU Country Names
English | Asuaneï Counry Name | Asuaneï Adjective |
---|---|---|
Antrium | Āņţrum | āņţrūņţ- |
Baranxtu The Most Serene Republic of Baranxtu |
Bāraŋxēi Furāņē Mi-Maona Bāraŋxēi |
bāraŋxēiţ- |
Ceorana | Seorāņa | seorāņaţ- |
Cikoutimi | Cikutīmi | cikutīmiţ- |
Domnonia | Domnōñā | domnōñāţ- |
Fonzoland | Aik Fānzo | fānzoţ- |
Groot Gouda | Grōţ-Gauda | gaudaţ- |
Grosseschnauzer | Grōşeşņauţşr | şņauţşrţ- |
Jonquiere-Tadoussac | Žōŋkr-Tadusak | žōntaď- |
Keeslandia | Aik Kīs | kīşţ- |
Malabra | Marābra | marābraţ- |
Mikitivity | Maikitīviti | maikitīviţ- |
Sober Thought | Sōbr Þōt | sōbrţ- |
Xtraordinary Gentlemen | Sōuktān Ikşţrahōrďiņāri | ikşţrahōrďiņāriţ- |
Language Names
English | Asuaneï Name | Asuaneï Adjective |
---|---|---|
Alvésin | Arvēsin | arvēsinī- |
Asuaneï | Asvānēica | asvānēicaī- |
Baranxeï | Bāraŋxēica | bāraŋxēicaī- |
Chicoutim | Cikutīmica | cikutīmicaī- |
Dutch | Nēherlāns | nēherlānsī- |
English | Iŋliş | iŋlişī- |
French | Frānsē | frānsēī- |
German | Doica | doicaī- |
Nidajii | Vāraņaca | vāraņacaī- |
Qi | Kīr | kīrī- |
Spanish | Kastejāno | Kastejānoī- |
Languages of Baranxtu | ||
---|---|---|
Official Languages: | ||
Asuaneï | Baranxeï | Baranxtuan Sign Language | English | French | Nidajii | ||
Other Languages: | ||
Baranxtuan French | Chicoutim | Masenar | Phipul | Qi |